Today, I started with TypeScript fundamentals and explored how it makes JavaScript development safer and more powerful. Here’s a breakdown of what I covered and some code examples!
1. Reference Types and Literal Types
Readonly & Optional Properties: These are great for ensuring certain values stay fixed, while optional properties provide flexibility.
type Person = {
readonly name: string; // Name cannot be changed
age: number;
isMarried?: boolean; // Optional property
};
const person: Person = { name: "John Doe", age: 30 };
// person.name = "Jane Doe"; // Error: Cannot modify readonly property
2. Typed Functions
Function with Explicit Types: Ensures functions return the correct type, enhancing code predictability.
function sum(num1: number, num2: number): number {
return num1 + num2;
}
// Arrow Function
const addNum = (add1: number, add2: number): number => add1 + add2;
3. Arrays and Typed Array Methods
Typed Arrays: TypeScript enforces type safety in arrays, making methods like .map()
safer.
const array: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6];
const newArray: number[] = array.map((ele: number): number => ele * ele);
console.log(newArray); // [1, 9, 4, 16, 25, 36]
4. Spread, Rest, and Destructuring Operators
Spread & Rest Operators make handling dynamic data smooth, while destructuring simplifies assignments.
const [first, ...rest] = array;
console.log(first); // 1
console.log(rest); // [3, 2, 4, 5, 6]
5. Type Aliases and Union Types
Type Aliases: Creating reusable types for better code structure.
Union Types: Allowing variables to hold multiple types, adding flexibility without sacrificing safety.
type ID = string | number;
let userId: ID = 101; // Could be a string or a number
userId = "A102";
6. Conditional Types and Operators (?
, ??
, |
, &&
)
Using optional chaining (?
) and nullish coalescing (??
) operators help keep the code clean and avoid unnecessary null checks.
function greet(name?: string) {
const displayName = name ?? "Guest";
console.log(`Hello, ${displayName}!`);
}
greet(); // Hello, Guest!
greet("Naym"); // Hello, Naym!
Starting with TypeScript has been an eye-opener in terms of writing clean, type-safe code! Excited to keep building on this foundation. 💪🔥
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