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Sanskrati Jain
Sanskrati Jain

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Bootstrap - Layout

This is the continuation of the first part Bootstrap - Introduction. In this, we will discuss breakpoints, containers, grids, columns, and gutters.

Breakpoints:

These are customizable widths that determine the looks of our web page on different devices like min-width in media-queries. 

Bootstrap has 6 default breakpoints that can be modified as per the programmer. These are customizable via Sass in our _variables.scss stylesheet which is present in our downloaded files.

Width in bootstrap
So, basically, if we create a class called container-md or we can use it is by default for the dimension ≥ 768px.

Container:

Most basic layout, used when using the default grid system. We need to create a class named container which will set some padding and align by default.

  • .container, which sets a max-width at each responsive breakpoint
  • .container-fluid, which is width: 100% at all breakpoints
  • .container-{breakpoint}, which is width: 100% until the specified breakpoint

In place of {breakpoint} we use sm ,md , lg , xl, and xxl 

<div class="container-lg">
Container
</div>
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The output of this code will be 

Image description
When the width of the window is greater than lg , there is padding on the left and right sides of the container.

Image description
When width is smaller than lg width, the padding disappers

Grids

This is based on the twelve-column system. Think that the screen is divided into twelve columns of equal size, and we can set the size by defining how many columns we have to occupy. 

  • .col , sets all columns of equal size and we can have a maximum of 12 columns in a row
  • .col-{1 to 12} , in place of {1 to 12} we can have a number, which will define how many columns should be occupied. For example, col-6 will have a width of 6 columns out of 12 columns.
  • col-{breakpoint}-{1 to 12} , this means that below that breakpoint the width will be that number.

Note: If we define the size of the column then that column will have that size permanently, it will not be responsive anymore.

Example


 

<h2>Grids - Column and Row</h2>
<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 1</div>
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 2</div>
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 2</div>
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 2</div>
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 2</div>
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 2</div>
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 2</div>
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 2</div>
    <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6">Col 2</div>
  </div>
</div>
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The output of this code will be:

Image description
col-lg-2 when the width is below lg

Image description
col-mg-4 when the width is below md

Image description
col-sm-6 when the width is below sm

Instead of defining .col-{width} inside the column, we can also use rows like row row-col-{width} .

Vertical Alignment

For alignment we have align-self-start ,align-self-center and align-self-end which we use inside .col andalign-items-start ,align-items-center and align-items-end which we use inside .row .

Horizontal Alignment

For this we have justify-content-start ,justify-content-around justify-content-between ,justify-content-evenly which we use inside .row .

Gutters

Gutters are the padding between your columns, used to
responsively space and align content in the Bootstrap grid
system.

.gx-{1 to 5} classes can be used to control the horizontal gutter widths.
.gy-(1 to 5) classes can be used to control the vertical gutter widths.

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I highly recommend to read the official documentation for more information.

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