String in C programming.

String is a collection of characters that are used to represent textual data.

int main() {
    char str[] = "Sujith";
    printf("%s", str);
    return 0;
}

• Use %s format specifier for printing string.
• Every string in c ends with \0. This null character helps the compiler to know the end of the string. So actual size of the string will be 1 greater than the total no;of character in the string.

String Input

int main() {

    char str[20];

    printf("Enter your name here: ");

    scanf("%s", str);

    printf("%s", str);

    return 0;
}

In order to take the input, we don't need to use & for string because str is an array and it already points to the first element of str.

The scanf method can only take input until it encounters white spaces. So not possible to take input like "Steve Jobs". So to take all the inputs we can use:
fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin)
str - string name
sizeof(str) - size of string.
stdin - it means standard input. It denotes we are taking input from the keyboard.

Access characters of string

int main() {

    char str[] = "Sujith";

    printf("%c", str[0]); 

    return 0;
}

Since we are only printing single character use %c format specifier

Changing elements of a string.

int main() {

    char str[] = "Sujith";

    str[2] = 'J';
    str[4] = 'T';

    printf("%s", str);
    return 0;
}