Hey fellas! I hope you're in best of mood and health to consume a quick snack of how JavaScript looks at its data types. I know it sounds like a bit out of the blue, but lately I was learning some basics of Redux and I found this pretty intimidating, so I thought to write a concise post of so.
Data Types in JS
To begin with comparing mutable vs immutable data types, let us have a look on possible data types that we get to use in JS.
- null
- undefined
- boolean
- number
- string
- object
- symbol (a gift of ES6)
If you're thinking what about arrays and functions, let me tell clear the misconception.
Functions and Arrays are kind of a "subtype" of the data type object. It's just that functions have an internal [[Call]] property that allows it to be invoked (called) whereas arrays have access to a .length property which returns their length.
Immutability is common
Immutable, as the name suggests, means can't be mutated (or changed). So you think why on earth can a variable's value be mutated, I mean that's what variables are for, right?
But there's a catch, Immutability in our context means that when you assign a variable to another using the assignment operator (=) then you can't change the initial variable's value when you change the value of the latter. For instance.
// EXAMPLE WITH NUMBERS
var one = 1;
var two = one;
two = 2;
// Value of one doesn't change
console.log(one) // 1
console.log(two) // 2
// EXAMPLE WITH STRINGS
var foo = "You are amazing"
var bam = foo.slice(0, 7)
// Value of foo doesn't change
console.log(bam) // "You are"
console.log(foo) // "You are amazing"
I hope by now you'd have come to realization how common and embedded this types of data are in Javascript. So all data types, except objects, are Immutable, which means you won't change the original variables value if you change the value of the one its assigned to.
They are also called Primitive Values.
Mutability is Non-Primitive
As you might have guessed, Mutable data types are the ones whose initial values can be mutated (or changed) even after the variable is assigned to another variable.
Note: Object is the only mutable (non-primitive) value, however there are many subtypes of it, which you already know, like Array or Functions which also are Non-Primitive values. For instance.
var numbers = [1, 2, 3]
var digits = numbers
console.log(digits) // [1, 2, 3]
digits.push(4, 5, 6)
console.log(digits) // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
console.log(numbers) // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
You can see, how when we push something to the digits array, it also becomes available in the numbers array. Why so?
This happens because, Objects are Reference Types in Javascript. Now don't worry, all Mutable types are only known as Reference Types and nothing more. But here's why they're called so.
When you create a variable (say a) and assign it an object or array it gets stored at a particular memory location. However, when you create another variable (say b) and equate it to variable a (b = a) then it gets the memory location of a variable instead of a new copy of the object (or array). This is why objects are called Reference Types.
This is the reason, when you change digits array on our example, it also changes numbers array and vice versa. Its because our digits array point to the same location in memory that numbers array refers to. This is why these are called Mutable Types.
They are also called Non-Primitive Values.
End Note
To conclude the above, we can say that Immutable data types are the ones which on being assigned to a new variable it returns a copy of the value, and the original value won't be changed if you fiddle with the new variable.
And Mutable types are the opposite, they are Reference Types (Non-primitive) which is why their original value gets changed once you change the value of its assigned variable.
So, now you've understood the concept, go around and google your curiosity out and also feel free to start a thread to discuss your understanding!
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