Introduction
If you are learning web development, later or sooner you will be listen this sentences
"Push your code to GitHub"
But before GitHub there is Git
Git is not just another tool, it is the foundation of software development.
Almost every company, open-source project, and developer uses Git daily.
In this, here we will see all about the Git and their command, which comes to use in the day to day life.
What is Git?
Git is the distributed version control system. It gives your code a memory.
- Track changes in your code
- Save different version of your project
- work with other developers without overwriting each other's work
- Go back in Time if somethings break
Use of Git
Before git, developer used:
- Pendrive
- Email attachments
- Shared folder
- Files like final_1, final_1, last_final
This makes overwhelming codes, it become causes of
- Lost code
- Overwritten changes
- No history
- No collaboration
This all of the problems solved by the version control system, That is GIT
Git Provides you to : -
- Keeps your full history of changes
- Shows who changes and what changed
- Allow collaboration with team
- Makes mistake reversible
That's why everyone loves Git
Git Basic and some core Technologies
Before using the Git command, let's have some understand the important terms.
1. Repository(Repo)
This is nothing just a folder, where Git is tracking.
It contains:
- Your project files
- Git history
- Git configuration
Once you init a git in your project create on file inside your project, and this files tracks your all the changes and history that you have done.
2. Commit
A Commit is a snapshot of your code at a specific time
Think like this:
- A unique ID
- Author name
- Date & time
- Message describing the change
3. Branch
A Branch is an independent line of development
- Main branch - Stable code
- Other branch - experiments, feature, fixes
4. Head
Head is a pointer to point your current commit.
Head shows you are right now in project history.
5. Git workflows
Three stages are there in Git works
- Working directory
- Staging Area
- Repository
Installing Git
- Windows: Download from git-scm.com
- macOS : brew install git
- Linus : sudo apt install git
- after installation check version
git --v or git --version
Common Git commands
1. git-init
initilized a new Git repo
git init
2. git status
show your current status of your project
git status
- Modified files
- staged files
- untracked files
3. git add
Adds file to the staging area
git add or git add .
staging means : :I want to include these changes in the next commit.
4. git commit
save changes permanently to the git history
git commit -m "Message"
Always write meaningful commit message
5. git log
shows commit history
git log
you can see:
- commit history
- Author
- Date
- Message
6. git branch
show all branch
git branch
Create a new branch
git create "branch name"
7. git checkout
switch between branches
git checkout branch-name
8. git checkout -b
create + switch branch in one command
git checkout -b branch-name
Why need to learn version control for every developer
- Work confidently in teams
- Debug faster
- Build professional habits
- Prepare for Jobs & internship
Conclusion
Git is not just a tool.
it is :
- A safety net
- A collaboration System
- A time machine of your code
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