The Human Truths of Database Migration

The Human Side of Tech Decisions

We like to think that in the world of technology, logic and data are the lighthouse. The best algorithm or the fastest system always wins. But if you look closely, you’ll find that our most critical tech decisions are surprisingly human.

Consider this Asian philosophy:

At first glance, it sounds like a business adage, yet it sheds a surprising light on the complex, human-driven journey of data migration.

Data migration is a deep, multi-layered shift that affects systems, workflows, budgets, and most importantly, people. And once a company does commit to migrating, the challenges that follow go far beyond just moving data.

This article breaks down the truths and trials of this journey, moving beyond the marketing hype to what really matters.

How We Really Pick a Database

Let’s unpack the quote above further and see how choosing a database can be in real life.

Pedigree First

It's human nature to trust what's popular, so a database’s reputation, its "pedigree," can carry a lot of weight. This creates a powerful "halo effect": we assume that because a technology is widely used, it must be the best for every situation.

Take MongoDB, for example. Its huge market share and massive community make it feel like the default "safe" choice. A less-known database might be a better technical match for certain use cases, but they rarely get the same attention.

When pedigree takes the lead, teams might default to the familiar without diving into whether it’s actually the best tool for the job. That can lead to suboptimal choices, higher long-term costs, and missed opportunities to build something better.

Relationships Second

Beyond brand names, we stick with what and who we know, a.k.a our “relationships.” This could be a strong relationship with a vendor, a helpful online community, or simply your development team's comfort level with a certain technology.

A team might stick with a familiar tool simply because it's easier than learning something new. The feeling of safety that comes from established relationships often wins out, even if an unfamiliar alternative could deliver better results.

Money Takes Third Place

Of course, “money” always has a seat at the table. The total cost of ownership (licensing fees, operational overhead, training, etc.) is a huge driver in any tech decision. It can push teams toward more affordable or already-supported solutions.

The problem is when cost starts driving the decision instead of informing it. Choosing the cheapest path can mean settling for a weaker fit, which might cost more down the line in performance issues or scaling challenges.

Only Then Does Intellect Matter

And here we are, at the bottom of the list: the pure technical capabilities. This is the database's true "intellect": performance benchmarks, indexing capabilities, query language power and flexibility, architecture fit, so on and so forth.

Ideally, this is where the decision should start and end. But by the time teams reach this stage, it’s often already skewed by reputation, relationships, or cost. The technical merit becomes a box to tick, not the core of the choice.

More Alike Than You Think: MongoDB vs RethinkDB

The tech world loves a good rivalry, and it's easy to get caught up in marketing that highlights what makes each tool unique: the killer feature, the standout use case, the unique philosophy, etc. But if you look past the hype, you'll find that competing technologies often share the same DNA.

This is what we mean by seeking a “truth in tech”: cutting through branding to focus on the core engineering principles. And sometimes, that truth reveals unexpected common ground.

Take MongoDB and RethinkDB. Unlike MongoDB, which requires developers to poll for changes, RethinkDB has a fundamentally different architecture that allows developers to continuously push updated query results in real time. However, let’s look at their biggest commonalities in our full article here.

This kind of foundational overlap is easy to miss if you’re only comparing surface-level features or chasing a single “killer” use case. At the end of the day, the choice between databases should be based on a deeper analysis of your needs, not just a single feature.

3 Core Challenges of Database Migration

Database migration may sound straightforward. Just move data from point A to point B, right? In reality, it’s a minefield of risks and complexities that, if not managed carefully, can cause major headaches.

Based on what we’ve seen, below are some real-world migration risks:

Technical Hurdles

Let’s start with the obvious: the technical side is tough. You’re dealing with high stakes and high complexity, and there’s not much room for error.

• Data Integrity and Consistency: The absolute number one rule is that all data remains accurate, complete, and consistent throughout the transfer process. Any loss, corruption, or inconsistency can have a serious impact on everything from financial records to customer trust.

• Schema Incompatibility: Data from the old database rarely fits perfectly into the new one. Especially when moving between different types of databases (like from a relational database to a NoSQL document store, or even between different NoSQL schemas). This requires careful mapping to ensure structural compatibility and optimal performance in the new environment.

• Migration Downtime Risk: The goal is always a migration that your users barely notice. In practice, that’s hard. Even a short disruption can cause financial losses, erode user satisfaction, and damage an organization's reputation.

• Integration with Existing Systems: Your new database needs to play nicely with all your existing apps, services, and reporting tools within the broader technological ecosystem. This often requires updates to connectors, APIs, and data pipelines, followed by rigorous testing a.k.a our next point.

• Rigorous Testing: It’s a non-negotiable, as this stage is where hidden issues usually emerge. You’ll have to validate the data, benchmark performance in the new environment, test app behavior, and run disaster recovery procedures.

• Data Volume and Velocity: If you're moving massive datasets, especially for systems with high transaction rates or real-time data streams, things get even more complicated. This requires robust infrastructure, optimized migration strategies, and careful management of network bandwidth and processing power.

These technical problems aren't isolated; they're interconnected. A small oversight in one area, like a flawed schema or a poor data check, can easily snowball into major problems like integration failures, slow performance, or an inconsistent database.

Taking shortcuts creates "invisible technical debt," or hidden problems that don't show up right away but will appear months later as mysterious bugs, performance bottlenecks, and maintenance nightmares. That’s why migrations demand a quality-over-speed mindset.

Resource Realities

Beyond the technical challenges, a database migration puts a major strain on your resources.

• Unexpected Costs: Few migrations stay under budget. Database migrations frequently exceed initial estimates. Unforeseen problems, the need for special tools, or hiring outside experts can quickly blow up expenses.

• Tooling Limitations and Custom Scripting: Off-the-shelf migration tools rarely do it all. Many teams find they need custom scripts to handle specific data transformations, complex integration points, or unique features of the source or target database. That development work takes time and pulls engineers off other priorities.

• Infrastructure Demands: The target environment might require better hardware, cloud services, or architecture changes, adding to the total cost. This is to meet the performance and scalability requirements for the migrated data and the applications that will interact with it.

And these aren’t just line items; they come with an “opportunity cost.” When your best engineers are tied up on migration, they’re not shipping new features or pursuing growth initiatives. That can slow momentum and delay progress elsewhere in the business.

The People Factor

Finally, and most importantly, every migration is also a change management challenge. A technology shift is only successful if the people involved embrace it.

• Skill Gaps: Teams may lack the necessary expertise with the new database, creating a significant bottleneck. This means you'll have to invest heavily in training or hire new talent, both of which take time and money.

• Resistance to Change: People get comfortable with their tools and workflows. Introducing a new system, even if it’s better, often meets friction. In worst case scenario, frustration and resistance. Success requires empathy, strong communication, and early involvement from stakeholders.

• Misalignment: A lack of clear communication or buy-in from all stakeholders (development, operations, and business stakeholders) can kill a project. Consistent, honest communication builds trust and keeps everyone aligned.

• Expectations and Human Error: Set realistic expectations without sugarcoating the complexity. And protect against avoidable mistakes with clear procedures, validation steps, and fallback plans.

This people layer in database migration, if neglected, can build up what we call “cultural debt.” This goes beyond project delays; it leads to low morale, a loss of trust in leadership, and a team that’s resistant to future changes. A bad migration experience can haunt your company's culture and agility for years.

A successful migration creates a stable, scalable foundation without burning out your team, breaking your systems, or losing momentum. And that takes more than technical skills. Focus on your people with clear communication and training, and you’ll see resistance turned into support and a tough migration became a powerful opportunity for your team to grow.

What Migration Really Teaches Us

Database migrations are never just about tech. This is a “truth in tech” from the very beginning, when database selection is shaped as much by pedigree, relationships, and money as they are by intellect. It’s just as true when the migration begins, where the real hurdles aren’t just code and servers, but the interconnected challenges of budgets, resources, and people.

Ignoring this human reality is how we accumulate hidden costs: the technical debt from rushed solutions, the opportunity cost from a distracted team, and the deep cultural debt that comes from a poorly managed change.

What matters most isn’t just the system you move to, but how honestly you assess what’s driving the move, and how well you bring your people along. Done right, migration isn’t just a technical shift. It’s a chance to rethink how your organization builds, decides, and grows.

All in all, we want to say thank you, RethinkDB, for its invaluable contribution to our system. It’s a genuinely well-designed technology, loved by our team and many others, even when in reality, not everything goes as we wish.