How to enable German umlauts on US intl. keyboard in Arch Linux

Some weeks ago I bought a US intl. keyboard (Cherry Stream 3.0) for my Linux workstation because as a developer I favor the US intl. layout over the german keyboard layout.
But as a German I need to type german letters from time to time where I need those nice german umlauts for.
Using <Compose>+ " + a/u/o/ss is a nightmare. So I started to look for a usable and easy solution like Karabiner on Mac OS.
Oh boy, what did know...
I found a lot of answers in the Web on Stack Overflow, Ubuntu user groups and the Arch Linux forum.
They were talking about adding .Xmodmap files, not using .Xmodmap files because XKb is the new kid on the block, extending an existing XKB symbols file, how to handle issues due to crashes after fiddling around with XKB symbols files and so on.
I was convinced that either I will crash something or it won't work at all.

Nonetheless I needed an easy way to type German umlauts!

So I decided to follow the example from the following GitHub repo on how to change the US symbols file.

rgeber / xkb-layout-us-intl-de

Simple German Umlauts on US keyboards

It told me to add the following lines to the US symbols file.

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "intlde" {

    include "us(basic)"
    name[Group1]= "English (US, intl., German Umlaut)";

    key <AC01> { [         a,          A,    adiaeresis,       Adiaeresis ] };
    key <AD07> { [         u,          U,    udiaeresis,       Udiaeresis ] };
    key <AD09> { [         o,          O,    odiaeresis,       Odiaeresis ] };
    key <AC02> { [         s,          S,        ssharp,          section ] };

    include "level3(ralt_switch)"
};

Just out of curiosity I wanted to check first if there are other lines with adiaeresis in the symbols file already.
And to my surprise there were other lines.... And a whole section too, which described exactly what I was looking for.

// German and Swedish characters added as third level symbols to the US keyboard layout
// Author: Stephan Lachnit <[e-mail]>, 2019
// the german umlauts are placed over the characters without diaeresis, the sharp-s over the s
// the swedish ao is placed over the p, since it's closed to the position on a swedish keyboard
// the euro sign is placed over the e, as it is usual for german and swedish keyboards
partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "de_se_fi"  {

    include "us(basic)"
    include "eurosign(e)"
    name[Group1] = "German, Swedish and Finnish (US)";

    key <AC01> {[ a,          A,          adiaeresis, Adiaeresis ]};
    key <AD09> {[ o,          O,          odiaeresis, Odiaeresis ]};
    key <AC02> {[ s,          S,          ssharp,     U1E9E      ]};
    key <AD07> {[ u,          U,          udiaeresis, Udiaeresis ]};
    key <AD10> {[ p,          P,          aring,      Aring      ]};

    include "level3(ralt_switch)"
};

So instead of editing the symbols file I started to look into Gnome to understand how I could use the keyboard variant.
At first I took a look into Gnome settings "Region & Language". But I could not find the keyboard variant "German, Swedish and Finnish (US)".

But how was it possible that I could not find this variant?

And then I remembered that whenever something was neither available nor visiblein Gnome settings then Gnome Tweaks would definitely contain a way to configure it.
And so I found out how to enable German umlauts on a US Intl. keyboard the easy way in Arch Linux inside Gnome.

Step 1.
Start Gnome Tweaks and enable "Show Extended Input Sources".

Step 2.
Restart your Gnome session.

Step 3.
Open Gnome Settings, go to "Region & Language" and click on the "+" (Plus) sign under "Input Sources".

Step 4.
Click on "English (United States)".

Step 5.
Scroll down until you find the entry "German, Swedish and Finnish (US)".

Step 6.
Click on the entry and afterwards click on "Add".

It should be added now and you can start using it.

Start a terminal or editor and type <Right Alt>+a. This should result in ä. Combined with Shift you get the upper-case variant.

So no editing of XKB symbols files and other crazy stuff is necessary to get German umlauts!

Have fun.

Comments

[SP46]

As an alternative, there is also the "US (International)" layout in all major OSes. You can type Ö, Ä and Ü using the right Alt key + Q, Y and P respectively. There's also a way to type ß, but I forgot which key it is.

[Andre Brait]

ß would be Alt-Gr + S, IIRC

[Joel Ambass]

That's an awesome tip for using programmable keyboards and multi-os use cases.

[Danieler Farruh]

I just had the same problem but i wanted it to work on the command line on my debian laptop. I found the solution in this very good blog post - here its in a nutshell:

• use xev to find out the keycode for your right alt key
• setup a ~/.xmodmap with the following code

keycode 135 = Mode_switch
keysym e = e E EuroSign
keysym a = a A adiaeresis Adiaeresis
keysym o = o O odiaeresis Odiaeresis
keysym u = u U udiaeresis Udiaeresis
keysym s = s S ssharp

then just do a xmodmap ~/.xmodmap. you can also add this to your ~/.bashrc to load it when you open a shell

[arnoson]

Thank you so much!! Since I switched from MacOS (where I had this behavior enabled with Ukelele) to Ubuntu the long composer key combination for umlauts really bothered me.