StaLang Lesson No 1 Values & Types

THIS LESSON IS ACTIVELY BEING WRITTEN

Contents

• Intro
• Builtin Values
• Values' Types
• Data types
• Final thoughts
• Links

Intro

Let's deal with it! It's not complicated if you ever have been programming something.

The StaLang is in development

StaLang Docs is in drvelopment

Builtin Values

In StaLang there are 4 builtin values:

• True true
• False false
• Nil nil
• None none
• Later later.

True & False

Nil

Nil value is an absence of any value. Funny 😆.
In StaLang nil is highly similar to Nil concept in other languages like Go, Swift, and etc.
Nil is handled with a bench of operators (more info on operators is here).

Let's consider the following example:

/* 
we define a value `email` which can be a string or nil.  
*/
data email: str? = later;  

fetch(_ userId: int) -> str? |> Server::fetch(userId);

const userId: int = 4;
email = fetch userId ?? "no email"

fetch is a labeled function. More info on functions is here.

None

None is an absence of any value. What's the difference between none and nil?
None will not raise an error because any value in StaLang can be none.
When you define a new data without assigning to it a value, the StaLang interpreter automatically assigns to it a none value, not nil.
Imagine you fetch user data from a server.

core Net;

const url: str = "https://localhost:8000";
const userId: int = 1; 
data userName: str;
data userAge: str;
data userGender: str;

data userModel = Net::Server(url).fetch userId ?? "UserId is not valid";
userName = userModel::userName;
userAge = userModel::userAge;
userGender = userModel::userGender;

The example is hypothetical, nevertheless good for understanding difference between nil and none.

• The data userName will has a string value "user", because in the database the user has an assigned name.
• The data userEmail will have a none value, because the user has no assigned userEmail.
• The data userGender will have a value nil and the NilError will be raised, because the userModel has not the property userGender, therefore we can't get a value, assigned to it.

Later

Later is a value, not a keyword, which means that you are a lazy programmer and don't want to assign a value right now. When you will run your code, the interpreter will execute a Lazy Warning.

Values' Types

Value types are basic types of data, such as string, numbers, etc.

In StaLang there are following value types.

• String str
• Integer int
• Float float
• Bool bool
• Number num
• Binary bin
• Hexadecimal hex
• Any any

Comparison with other languages:

Type	StaLang	Swift	Rust	TypeScript	Go	Python
Integer	int	Int				int
Number	num	-		number
String	str	String	str	string
Character	-	Character
Binary
Hexadecimal
Float
Double
Dynamic / Auto
Any

In StaLang there is no character type. Character methods are implicated to the string type.

Example code:

data x1: int = 5;
data x2: float = 5.4;
data x3: str = "5";
data x4: bool = 5 > 5.4; // false
data x5: bin = ;
data x6: hex = 5;
data x7: 

Data types

COMMING SOON

Final thoughts

COMMING SOON

Links

• GitHub source code: StaLang

• GutHub IDE for macOS: StaLang IDE

• GitHub Docs: StaLang Docs

Ask any questions in the comments below!