There's a good comparison written by the Vue team and reviewed by the React team so it should be fair enough: vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html
In brief (I don't know React so I'm just parroting the content of the comparison):
component dependencies in Vue are automatically tracked
Vue uses single file components without JSX (even if it's supported). SFC are a single file where you put your template, your javascript and your CSS scoped for the actual component. You can still use render functions if you want
both have state management libraries
Vue is simpler to learn, React has the biggest ecosystem
Vue can be used to augment an existing page (a la jQuery)
Native rendering is better in React
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There's a good comparison written by the Vue team and reviewed by the React team so it should be fair enough: vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html
In brief (I don't know React so I'm just parroting the content of the comparison):