In Linux, the file system structure is a hierarchical arrangement of directories and files. Understanding the basic architecture of the file system is important for managing and organizing data efficiently. In this blog, we'll explore the key directories that make up the Linux file system and provide examples of how to access them.
Root Directory:
The root directory is the top-level directory in the file system and is represented by a single forward slash '/'. All other directories and files on the system are contained within the root directory. To access the root directory, use the command cd /.
Bin and Sbin Directories:
The bin directory contains executables and other binary files that are essential for the system to function. These files are typically used by both system administrators and regular users. The sbin directory contains executables that are used for system administration tasks and are only accessible by the root user. To access the bin directory, use the command cd /bin. To access the sbin directory, use the command cd /sbin.
Etc Directory:
The etc directory contains configuration files for the system and applications. These files control the behavior of the system and its applications, and they can be edited by system administrators to change their behavior. To access the etc directory, use the command cd /etc.
Dev Directory:
The dev directory contains files that represent devices, such as hard drives and printers, that are attached to the system. These files can be used by applications to access and interact with the devices. To access the dev directory, use the command cd /dev.
Var Directory:
The var directory contains files that can change frequently, such as logs and temporary files. The var directory is also used to store files that are created by applications as they run. To access the var directory, use the command cd /var.
Home Directory:
The home directory is the directory for each user on the system. This directory contains personal files and directories for each user, such as documents, music, and pictures. To access your own home directory, use the command cd ~. To access another user's home directory, use the command cd /home/<username>, replacing <username> with the desired user's username.
Tmp Directory:
The tmp directory contains temporary files that are created by applications and scripts. These files are usually deleted when the system is rebooted. To access the tmp directory, use the command cd /tmp.
Usr Directory:
The usr directory contains executables, libraries, and other files that are used by applications. This directory is typically used by system administrators to install software and manage the system's software libraries. To access the usr directory, use the command cd /usr.
Lib Directory:
The lib directory contains libraries that are used by the system and applications. These libraries provide essential functionality for many programs and are typically managed by the system administrator. To access the lib directory, use the command cd /lib.
Boot Directory:
The boot directory contains files that are used during the boot process, including the Linux kernel and boot loader configuration files. To access the boot directory, use the command cd /boot.
In conclusion, the Linux file system structure provides a well-defined hierarchy for organizing files and directories. Understanding the basic architecture of the file system and the key directories that make it up is an essential part of managing and using a Linux system effectively. By using the commands outlined above, you can navigate the file system and access the directories and files you need with ease.
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Erin Bensinger for The DEV Team ・ Dec 19 '22 ・ 4 min read