Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. They take binary inputs (0 or 1) and provide a single output based on a specific rule.
1. AND Gate
The AND gate is like a strict boss. It only gives a "True" (1) output if all inputs are "True".
- Rule: Output is 1 only if Input A and Input B are both 1.
- Real-life example: You can enter the building only if you have a key card AND a password.
[Image of AND gate logic symbol and truth table]
2. OR Gate
The OR gate is more relaxed. It gives a "True" (1) output if at least one input is "True".
- Rule: Output is 1 if Input A or Input B (or both) is 1.
- Real-life example: You can get a discount if you are a student OR if you have a coupon.
3. NOT Gate
The NOT gate is also called an Inverter. It simply flips the input.
- Rule: If the input is 1, the output is 0. If the input is 0, the output is 1.
- Simple thought: It always says the opposite!
4. Universal Gates (NAND & NOR)
These gates are special because they are "inversions" of the basic gates.
NAND Gate (NOT + AND)
The NAND gate is the opposite of the AND gate.
- Rule: It outputs 0 only when all inputs are 1. Otherwise, it outputs 1.
- Fact: It is a "Universal Gate" because you can build any other gate using only NAND gates.
[Image of NAND gate logic symbol and truth table]
NOR Gate (NOT + OR)
The NOR gate is the opposite of the OR gate.
- Rule: It outputs 1 only when all inputs are 0. If any input is 1, the output is 0.
📊 Summary Table
| Gate | Input A | Input B | Output |
|---|---|---|---|
| AND | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| OR | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| NAND | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| NOR | 0 | 0 | 1 |
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