DEV Community

Cover image for Creating GraphQL Api Using NestJS For Multiple Databases
murat
murat

Posted on • Edited on

Creating GraphQL Api Using NestJS For Multiple Databases

#graphql #nestjs #node

About GraphQL

In recent years GraphQL has become very popular due to major advantages it offers against well known REST. Briefly,

  • It eliminates over fetching & under fetching problems in REST
  • With GraphQL, we don't need to version or api as in REST
  • GraphQL imposes an opinionated structure which easily leads to standardization whithin teams
  • Although this article is on creating an api, GraphQL is the best friend of frontend developers. The idea behind is to let the UI component decide its data reqirements and send a query to GraphQL to fetch exactly what it needs.

You can refer to graphql-at-paypal-an-adoption-story for a well detailed story

About NestJS

Javascript developers loved Nodejs. Number of projects with Nodejs is getting heigher every day. Using the same language in frontend and also in backend is really awesome. Today we can create our web projects in much more isomorphic manner. This really reduce impedance mismatch between these two worlds.

If we scaffold a barebone development environment, we need to solve many cross-cutting concerns by ourselves. So, using a framework saves us from these headaches.

NestJS is a popular NodeJS framework. It has received near 1 million weekly download on npm and is being used in many projects. So, we can easily say that it's battle tested. It uses typescript out of the box. To me, it's very important for a reliable development framework.

NestJS has good documentation NestJS. You can also read for more detail on NestJS's advantages why-choose-nest-js-over-other-node-frameworks

Let's start

You can find the completed project in Github in branch 07-legacydb

We'll create a countries GraphQL api. Our data model shown below

data-model

  • One country has many cities
  • One city belongs to only one country
  • One country can join many treaties
  • One treaty has many countries

As can be noted, while there is a one-to-many relation between country & city, there is a many-to-many relation between country & treaty

Project creation

NestJS has a very practical cli. For many tasks we'll be using it. Initially we need to install NestJS globally

npm install -g @nestjs/cli after installation we can check the version nest -v
To create a new project nest new countries-graphql. It'll ask your preferred package manager utility (npm or yarn) that's all.

Let's open countries-graphql directory (preferably in VSCode). As you see, a full featured project structure created. No need to bother with linting or typescript. Let's delete test directory, src\app.controller.spec.ts, src\app.controller.ts. Our initial project looks like below

initial-project

We should be able to run with yarn start:dev

In package.json file's script part has all the necessary scripts ready for starting or building the project. Very nice, we don't need to bother about watching changes etc...

As seen, there are src\app.module.ts and src\app.service.ts. NestJS imposes a module bases structure. While our application itself is a module, all our business logics will be in their own module. This leads to clean domain structure and all business logic will be created in its own service.

GraphQL Code First

There are two approches for creating GraphQL schema;

  1. Schema / SDL (Schema Definition Language) first
  2. Code first

In the first approach, you define your GraphQL schema in SDL. Then you generate stub resolvers and add your code there.
The second approach is based on generating the schema from your code. i.e., you're not writing any SDL here. Code first is more developer friendly and we'll be following code first in this article.

Let's install some packages;

yarn add graphql @nestjs/graphql apollo-server-express

We'll add country, city and treaty modules. nest cli is very clever and lets you create various resource types. You see the list with nest --help

      ┌───────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────┐
      │ name          │ alias       │ description                                  │
      │ application   │ application │ Generate a new application workspace         │
      │ class         │ cl          │ Generate a new class                         │
      │ configuration │ config      │ Generate a CLI configuration file            │
      │ controller    │ co          │ Generate a controller declaration            │
      │ decorator     │ d           │ Generate a custom decorator                  │
      │ filter        │ f           │ Generate a filter declaration                │
      │ gateway       │ ga          │ Generate a gateway declaration               │
      │ guard         │ gu          │ Generate a guard declaration                 │
      │ interceptor   │ in          │ Generate an interceptor declaration          │
      │ interface     │ interface   │ Generate an interface                        │
      │ middleware    │ mi          │ Generate a middleware declaration            │
      │ module        │ mo          │ Generate a module declaration                │
      │ pipe          │ pi          │ Generate a pipe declaration                  │
      │ provider      │ pr          │ Generate a provider declaration              │
      │ resolver      │ r           │ Generate a GraphQL resolver declaration      │
      │ service       │ s           │ Generate a service declaration               │
      │ library       │ lib         │ Generate a new library within a monorepo     │
      │ sub-app       │ app         │ Generate a new application within a monorepo │
      │ resource      │ res         │ Generate a new CRUD resource                 │
      └───────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We'll create our modules as resource. Use the command nest g resource country --no-spec We're not creating tests in this article, so --no-spec flag prohibits test files from being generated

nest cli asks what kind of resource to ceate. As you can see, NestJS offers wide variaty of options. Let's pick GraphQL code first

res-options

Then we'be asked wether to ceate CRUD end points. Select yes.

Would you like to generate CRUD entry points? (Y/n)

Eventually, our country module has beed created. It's a full fledged module with its service, resolver, entities, dto.

country-module

NestJS added CountryModule added to app module as import. Every modules should be imported by app module;

src/app.module.ts

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { AppService } from './app.service';
import { CountryModule } from './country/country.module';

@Module({
  imports: [CountryModule],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We need to import GraphQLModule in app.module.ts and tell it we're using code first;

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { join } from 'path';
import { AppService } from './app.service';
import { CountryModule } from './country/country.module';

@Module({
  imports: [
    GraphQLModule.forRoot({
      autoSchemaFile: join(process.cwd(), 'schema.gql'),
    }),
    CountryModule,
  ],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Let's run with yarn start:dev. If everything goes well, your app should be running and schema file should be generated;

src/schema.gql

# ------------------------------------------------------
# THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED (DO NOT MODIFY)
# ------------------------------------------------------

type Country {
  """Example field (placeholder)"""
  exampleField: Int!
}

type Query {
  country(id: Int!): Country!
}

type Mutation {
  createCountry(createCountryInput: CreateCountryInput!): Country!
  updateCountry(updateCountryInput: UpdateCountryInput!): Country!
  removeCountry(id: Int!): Country!
}

input CreateCountryInput {
  """Example field (placeholder)"""
  exampleField: Int!
}

input UpdateCountryInput {
  """Example field (placeholder)"""
  exampleField: Int
  id: Int!
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

This is our schema file generated in SDL. As we proceed to created our resolvers, this file will be updated automatically.

Navigate to http://localhost:3000/graphql. NestJS uses graphql playground by default. It's a lovely GraphQL IDE. We can check our schema here.

playground-schema

Complete GraphQL Schema

We have a basic GraphQL schema. Let's complete it with actual types. Initially, we'll create city and treaty modules as we did for country.

Run nest g resource city --no-spec & nest g resource treaty --no-spec. Note that, these two new modules are added to app.module.ts. Let's update country, city & treaty entities as below;

src/country/entities/country.entity.ts

import { Field, Int, ObjectType } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { City } from './../../city/entities/city.entity';
import { Treaty } from './../../treaty/entities/treaty.entity';

@ObjectType()
export class Country {
  @Field(() => Int)
  id: number;

  @Field()
  name: string;

  @Field(() => Int, { nullable: true })
  population: number;

  @Field(() => [City], { nullable: true })
  cities: City[];

  @Field(() => [Treaty], { nullable: true })
  treaties: Treaty[];

  @Field(() => City, { nullable: true })
  capital: City;
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/city/entities/city.entity.ts

import { Field, Int, ObjectType } from '@nestjs/graphql';

@ObjectType()
export class City {
  @Field(() => Int)
  id: number;

  @Field()
  name: string;

  @Field({ nullable: true })
  touristic: boolean;

  @Field(() => Int, { nullable: true })
  population: number;
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/treaty/entities/treaty.entity.ts

import { Field, Int, ObjectType } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { Country } from './../../country/entities/country.entity';

@ObjectType()
export class Treaty {
  @Field(() => Int)
  id: number;

  @Field({ nullable: false })
  name: string;

  @Field(() => [Country], { nullable: true })
  countries: Country[];
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

NestJS uses decorators to includes a class and its properties in GraphQL schema. @ObjectType() converts this class to schema type. @Field() decorator adds the selected property of the class to its parent schema type. While class itself is in typescript syntax, decorators use SDL syntax. Let's examine Treaty class;

 @Field(() => Int)
  id: number;
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

we use number for numeric datatypes in typescript. However, in GraphQL schema we want to make it an integer. So, in decorator we let NestJS know this.

GraphQL SDL has these scalar types
Int, Float, String, Boolean, ID

For the name field, on the other hand, we don't need to explicitly indicate an SDL type. GraphQL converts string to String. We can set some properties to fields. Here we set { nullable: false }

  @Field({ nullable: false })
  name: string;
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

A treaty has joined countries. It's an array. Note that, we indicate an array of country differently in typescript & in SDL

  @Field(() => [Country], { nullable: true })
  countries: Country[];
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Let's start the app and observe the schema update.

updated-types

Adding TypeORM

Let's stop nestjs and install some packages;

yarn add typeorm @nestjs/typeorm pg we're using Postgresql. So, need to install pg. In the final part, we'll use mssql as well.

We can keep db connection params in .env file. This way, we can have our prod db params as environment variables in deployment environment.

.env

DB_NAME=countrydb
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=5432
DB_USERNAME=postgres
DB_PASSWORD=postgres
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Now add type orm config file;

ormconfig.js

module.exports = {
  name: 'countrydb',
  type: 'postgres',
  host: process.env.DB_HOST,
  port: parseInt(process.env.DB_PORT),
  database: process.env.DB_NAME,
  username: process.env.DB_USERNAME,
  password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
  entities: ['src/**/*entity.ts'],
  migrations: ['src/migrations/**/*.ts'],
  logging: false,
  cli: {
    entitiesDir: 'src',
    migrationsDir: 'src/migrations',
  },
  options: { trustServerCertificate: true },
};
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Nest is using naming conventions. If a file is an entity, nest name the file as *.entity.ts. In all three of our modules you can see them. In this config file we simply give the database connection info and also where to find the entities and where to create the migrations.

Note that, we'll be using our entities as graphql schema models and also as our db models. It's very nice not to create different models for both purposes. To achieve this, we need to add typeorm decorators to our country, city and treaty entities;

todo/////*tALK ABOUT entities and type orm decorators

npm scripts for migrations

nestjs comes with ts-node installed. We'd want to create our migrations using our typescript entities. So, those three weird script should be added to package.json;

    "migration:generate": "ts-node ./node_modules/typeorm/cli.js migration:generate -c countrydb -n ",
    "migration:run": "ts-node ./node_modules/typeorm/cli.js migration:run -c countrydb",
    "migration:revert": "ts-node ./node_modules/typeorm/cli.js migration:revert -c countrydb"
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

-c flag is for connection name. Since we'll add a second one, we had to name them.

We have three operations about migrations;

migration:generate, creates a new migration comparing the models current state and the databse schema

migration:run, executes the not-yet-executed migrations in the database. The ones already executed, have no effect.

migration:revert, reverts the final migration

Our entities decorated with typeorm decorators are as follows;

src/city/entities/city.entity.ts

import { Field, Int, ObjectType } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { Country } from '../../country/entities/country.entity';
import {
  Column,
  Entity,
  JoinColumn,
  ManyToOne,
  PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
} from 'typeorm';

@Entity()
@ObjectType()
export class City {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
  @Field(() => Int)
  id: number;

  @Column()
  @Field()
  name: string;

  @Column({ nullable: true })
  @Field({ nullable: true })
  touristic: boolean;

  @Column({ nullable: true })
  @Field(() => Int, { nullable: true })
  population: number;

  @ManyToOne(() => Country, (country) => country.cities)
  @JoinColumn({ name: 'country_id' })
  country: Country;

  @Column({ type: 'int', name: 'country_id' })
  countryId: number;
}

}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/country/entities/country.entity.ts

import { Field, Int, ObjectType } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import {
  Column,
  Entity,
  JoinColumn,
  JoinTable,
  ManyToMany,
  OneToMany,
  OneToOne,
  PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
} from 'typeorm';
import { City } from './../../city/entities/city.entity';
import { Treaty } from './../../treaty/entities/treaty.entity';

@Entity()
@ObjectType()
export class Country {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
  @Field(() => Int)
  id: number;

  @Column()
  @Field()
  name: string;

  @Column({ type: 'int', nullable: true })
  @Field(() => Int, { nullable: true })
  population: number;

  @OneToMany(() => City, (city) => city.country)
  @Field(() => [City], { nullable: true })
  cities: City[];

  @ManyToMany(() => Treaty, (treaty) => treaty.countries, { cascade: true })
  @Field(() => [Treaty], { nullable: true })
  @JoinTable({
    name: 'country_treaty', // table name for the junction table of this relation
    joinColumn: {
      name: 'country_id',
      referencedColumnName: 'id',
    },
    inverseJoinColumn: {
      name: 'treaty_id',
      referencedColumnName: 'id',
    },
  })
  treaties: Treaty[];

  @OneToOne(() => City)
  @Field(() => City, { nullable: true })
  @JoinColumn({ name: 'capital_city_id' })
  capital: City;
}

}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/treaty/entities/treaty.entity.ts

import { Field, Int, ObjectType } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { Column, Entity, ManyToMany, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from 'typeorm';
import { Country } from './../../country/entities/country.entity';

@Entity()
@ObjectType()
export class Treaty {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
  @Field(() => Int)
  id: number;

  @Column()
  @Field({ nullable: false })
  name: string;

  @ManyToMany(() => Country, (country) => country.treaties)
  @Field(() => [Country], { nullable: true })
  countries: Country[];
}

}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Currently we have an empty countrydb. Let's create our initial migration using yarn migration:generate Init. Now you must have a migration like below. First part is the timestamp and would change in each run.

src/migrations/1634739033521-Init.ts

import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';

export class Init1634791876559 implements MigrationInterface {
  name = 'Init1634791876559';

  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
    await queryRunner.query(
      `CREATE TABLE "treaty" ("id" SERIAL NOT NULL, "name" character varying NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "PK_7876e417863f6fa3c9a51d0d3eb" PRIMARY KEY ("id"))`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `CREATE TABLE "country" ("id" SERIAL NOT NULL, "name" character varying NOT NULL, "population" integer, "capital_city_id" integer, CONSTRAINT "REL_f3e41ef5df2a6a975986042fdf" UNIQUE ("capital_city_id"), CONSTRAINT "PK_bf6e37c231c4f4ea56dcd887269" PRIMARY KEY ("id"))`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `CREATE TABLE "city" ("id" SERIAL NOT NULL, "name" character varying NOT NULL, "touristic" boolean, "population" integer, "country_id" integer NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "PK_b222f51ce26f7e5ca86944a6739" PRIMARY KEY ("id"))`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `CREATE TABLE "country_treaty" ("country_id" integer NOT NULL, "treaty_id" integer NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "PK_3e59c9693b624da2b8779527a10" PRIMARY KEY ("country_id", "treaty_id"))`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `CREATE INDEX "IDX_2010956a26a968fa554b6eb759" ON "country_treaty" ("country_id") `,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `CREATE INDEX "IDX_0ff0d4a234014c46946032aa42" ON "country_treaty" ("treaty_id") `,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "country" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_f3e41ef5df2a6a975986042fdf9" FOREIGN KEY ("capital_city_id") REFERENCES "city"("id") ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "city" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_08af2eeb576770524fa05e26f39" FOREIGN KEY ("country_id") REFERENCES "country"("id") ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "country_treaty" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_2010956a26a968fa554b6eb7598" FOREIGN KEY ("country_id") REFERENCES "country"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "country_treaty" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_0ff0d4a234014c46946032aa421" FOREIGN KEY ("treaty_id") REFERENCES "treaty"("id") ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION`,
    );
  }

  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "country_treaty" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_0ff0d4a234014c46946032aa421"`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "country_treaty" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_2010956a26a968fa554b6eb7598"`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "city" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_08af2eeb576770524fa05e26f39"`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "country" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_f3e41ef5df2a6a975986042fdf9"`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_0ff0d4a234014c46946032aa42"`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_2010956a26a968fa554b6eb759"`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "country_treaty"`);
    await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "city"`);
    await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "country"`);
    await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "treaty"`);
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

You can run it with yarn migration:run. After this, our db is supposed to have country, city, treaty, country-treaty and migrations tables. migrations table keeps track of your migrations. It now has one record. More to come soon!

id|timestamp    |name             |
--+-------------+-----------------+
 2|1634739033521|Init1634739033521|
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

For our nest application to start, we need to supply TypeORM connection data from environment variables to app.module.js. First install nest config module;

yarn add @nestjs/config and update app.module.ts;

src/app.module.ts

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { join } from 'path';
import { AppService } from './app.service';
import { CountryModule } from './country/country.module';
import { CityModule } from './city/city.module';
import { TreatyModule } from './treaty/treaty.module';
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Country } from './country/entities/country.entity';
import { City } from './city/entities/city.entity';
import { Treaty } from './treaty/entities/treaty.entity';
import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';

@Module({
  imports: [
    ConfigModule.forRoot(),
    GraphQLModule.forRoot({
      autoSchemaFile: join(process.cwd(), 'schema.gql'),
    }),
    TypeOrmModule.forRoot({
      name: 'countrydb',
      type: 'postgres',
      host: process.env.DB_HOST,
      port: parseInt(process.env.DB_PORT),
      database: process.env.DB_NAME,
      username: process.env.DB_USERNAME,
      password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
      entities: [Country, City, Treaty],
      //logging: true,
    }),
    CountryModule,
    CityModule,
    TreatyModule,
  ],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

logging is very useful to see generated SQL commands.

Let's start the app. You should have all green;

success-start

Resolvers...

Query & mutation declarations reside in resolver files. They construct our GraphQL schema.

src/city/city.resolver.ts

import { Resolver, Query, Mutation, Args, Int } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { CityService } from './city.service';
import { City } from './entities/city.entity';
import { CreateCityInput } from './dto/create-city.input';
import { UpdateCityInput } from './dto/update-city.input';

@Resolver(() => City)
export class CityResolver {
  constructor(private readonly cityService: CityService) {}

  @Mutation(() => City)
  createCity(@Args('input') input: CreateCityInput) {
    return this.cityService.create(input);
  }

  @Query(() => [City], { name: 'cities' })
  findAll() {
    return this.cityService.findAll();
  }

  @Query(() => City, { name: 'city' })
  findOne(@Args('id', { type: () => Int }) id: number) {
    return this.cityService.findOne(id);
  }

  @Mutation(() => City)
  updateCity(@Args('input') input: UpdateCityInput) {
    return this.cityService.update(input);
  }

  @Mutation(() => Int, { nullable: true })
  removeCity(@Args('id', { type: () => Int, nullable: false }) id: number) {
    return this.cityService.remove(id);
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/country/country.resolver.ts

import { Resolver, Query, Mutation, Args, Int } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { CountryService } from './country.service';
import { Country } from './entities/country.entity';
import { CreateCountryInput } from './dto/create-country.input';
import { UpdateCountryInput } from './dto/update-country.input';

@Resolver(() => Country)
export class CountryResolver {
  constructor(private readonly countryService: CountryService) {}

  @Mutation(() => Country)
  createCountry(
    @Args('input', { nullable: false })
    input: CreateCountryInput,
  ) {
    return this.countryService.create(input);
  }

  @Query(() => [Country], { name: 'countries' })
  findAll() {
    return this.countryService.findAll();
  }

  @Query(() => Country, { name: 'country' })
  findOne(@Args('id', { type: () => Int }) id: number) {
    return this.countryService.findOne(id);
  }

  @Mutation(() => Country)
  updateCountry(@Args('input') input: UpdateCountryInput) {
    return this.countryService.update(input);
  }

  @Mutation(() => Int, { nullable: true })
  removeCountry(@Args('id', { type: () => Int, nullable: false }) id: number) {
    return this.countryService.remove(id);
  }

  @Mutation(() => Country, { name: 'addCountryToTreaty' })
  addToTreaty(
    @Args('countryId', { type: () => Int, nullable: false }) countryId: number,
    @Args('treatyId', { type: () => Int, nullable: false }) treatyId: number,
  ) {
    return this.countryService.addToTreaty(countryId, treatyId);
  }
  @Mutation(() => Country, { name: 'removeCountryFromTreaty' })
  removeFromTreaty(
    @Args('countryId', { type: () => Int, nullable: false }) countryId: number,
    @Args('treatyId', { type: () => Int, nullable: false }) treatyId: number,
  ) {
    return this.countryService.removeFromTreaty(countryId, treatyId);
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/treaty/treaty.resolver.ts

import { Resolver, Query, Mutation, Args, Int } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { TreatyService } from './treaty.service';
import { Treaty } from './entities/treaty.entity';
import { CreateTreatyInput } from './dto/create-treaty.input';
import { UpdateTreatyInput } from './dto/update-treaty.input';

@Resolver(() => Treaty)
export class TreatyResolver {
  constructor(private readonly treatyService: TreatyService) {}

  @Mutation(() => Treaty)
  createTreaty(@Args('input') input: CreateTreatyInput) {
    return this.treatyService.create(input);
  }

  @Query(() => [Treaty], { name: 'treaties' })
  findAll() {
    return this.treatyService.findAll();
  }

  @Query(() => Treaty, { name: 'treaty' })
  findOne(@Args('id', { type: () => Int }) id: number) {
    return this.treatyService.findOne(id);
  }

  @Mutation(() => Treaty)
  updateTreaty(@Args('input') input: UpdateTreatyInput) {
    return this.treatyService.update(input);
  }

  @Mutation(() => Treaty)
  removeTreaty(@Args('id', { type: () => Int }) id: number) {
    return this.treatyService.remove(id);
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Query & mutations are not supposed to contain business logic. Theye are rather like façades to services which contains actual logic. This pattern is very useful as you may need to trigger your logic for somewhere other than query or mutation resolvers, such as background jobs.

Please note that we're injecting services in resolvers constructor. Nestjs has dependency injection out of the box. Writing tests are quite easy this way.

Services

src/city/city.service.ts

import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { CreateCityInput } from './dto/create-city.input';
import { UpdateCityInput } from './dto/update-city.input';
import { City } from './entities/city.entity';

@Injectable()
export class CityService {
  constructor(
    @InjectRepository(City, 'countrydb') private cityRepo: Repository<City>,
  ) {}

  async create(input: CreateCityInput): Promise<City> {
    return await this.cityRepo.save(input);
  }

  async findAll(): Promise<City[]> {
    return await this.cityRepo.find();
  }

  async findOne(id: number): Promise<City> {
    return await this.cityRepo.findOne(id);
  }

  async update(input: UpdateCityInput): Promise<City> {
    let found = await this.cityRepo.findOne(input.id);
    return await this.cityRepo.save({ ...found, ...input });
  }

  async remove(id: number) {
    let found = await this.cityRepo.findOne(id);
    if (found) {
      await this.cityRepo.remove(found);
      return id;
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/country/country.service.ts

import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Treaty } from 'src/treaty/entities/treaty.entity';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { CreateCountryInput } from './dto/create-country.input';
import { UpdateCountryInput } from './dto/update-country.input';
import { Country } from './entities/country.entity';

@Injectable()
export class CountryService {
  constructor(
    @InjectRepository(Country, 'countrydb')
    private countryRepo: Repository<Country>,
    @InjectRepository(Treaty, 'countrydb')
    private treatyRepo: Repository<Treaty>,
  ) {}

  async create(input: CreateCountryInput): Promise<Country> {
    return await this.countryRepo.save(input);
  }

  async findAll(): Promise<Country[]> {
    return await this.countryRepo.find({ relations: ['cities', 'treaties'] });
  }

  async findOne(id: number): Promise<Country> {
    return await this.countryRepo.findOne(id);
  }

  async update(input: UpdateCountryInput): Promise<Country> {
    let found = await this.countryRepo.findOne(input.id);
    return await this.countryRepo.save({ ...found, ...input });
  }

  async remove(id: number) {
    let found = await this.countryRepo.findOne(id);
    if (found) {
      await this.countryRepo.remove(found);
      return id;
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  async addToTreaty(countryId: number, treatyId: number): Promise<Country> {
    let foundCountry = await this.countryRepo.findOne(
      { id: countryId },
      { relations: ['treaties'] },
    );
    let foundTreaty = await this.treatyRepo.findOne({ id: treatyId });

    if (foundCountry && foundTreaty) {
      foundCountry.treaties = foundCountry.treaties
        ? [...foundCountry.treaties, foundTreaty]
        : [foundTreaty];

      return this.countryRepo.save(foundCountry);
    } else {
      throw new Error(`Founding country or treaty problem`);
    }
  }

  async removeFromTreaty(
    countryId: number,
    treatyId: number,
  ): Promise<Country> {
    let foundCountry = await this.countryRepo.findOne(
      { id: countryId },
      { relations: ['treaties'] },
    );
    let foundTreaty = await this.treatyRepo.findOne({ id: treatyId });

    if (foundCountry && foundTreaty) {
      foundCountry.treaties = foundCountry.treaties
        ? [...foundCountry.treaties.filter((f) => f.id != treatyId)]
        : [];

      return this.countryRepo.save(foundCountry);
    } else {
      throw new Error(`Founding country or treaty problem`);
    }
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/treaty/treaty.service.ts

import { Treaty } from './entities/treaty.entity';
import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { CreateTreatyInput } from './dto/create-treaty.input';
import { UpdateTreatyInput } from './dto/update-treaty.input';

@Injectable()
export class TreatyService {
  constructor(
    @InjectRepository(Treaty, 'countrydb')
    private treatyRepo: Repository<Treaty>,
  ) {}

  async create(input: CreateTreatyInput): Promise<Treaty> {
    return await this.treatyRepo.save(input);
  }

  async findAll(): Promise<Treaty[]> {
    return await this.treatyRepo.find({ relations: ['countries'] });
  }

  async findOne(id: number): Promise<Treaty> {
    return await this.treatyRepo.findOne(id);
  }

  async update(input: UpdateTreatyInput): Promise<Treaty> {
    let found = await this.treatyRepo.findOne(input.id);
    return await this.treatyRepo.save({ ...found, ...input });
  }

  async remove(id: number) {
    let found = await this.treatyRepo.findOne(id);
    if (found) {
      await this.treatyRepo.remove(found);
      return id;
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

As seen above, all our logic is in services. Please note that we're injecting db entity repositories in service constructors. @nestjs/typeorm wrapper makes it possible, wonderful!

Input types

Our last graphql schema element is input. We receive everything from GraphQL schema as strict types. In addition, what we supply to it is supposed to be schema type as well. To achive this, we're decorating our input classes with @InputType() from @nestjs/graphql wrapper. Nest automatically generated dto directories in our modules. We decorate its fields similarly with @Field(). Let's see city module inputs;

src/city/dto/create-city.input.ts

import { InputType, Int, Field } from '@nestjs/graphql';

@InputType()
export class CreateCityInput {
  @Field({ nullable: false })
  name: string;

  @Field(() => Int, { nullable: true })
  population: number;

  @Field(() => Int, { nullable: false })
  countryId: number;
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/city/dto/update-city.input.ts

import { CreateCityInput } from './create-city.input';
import { InputType, Field, Int, PartialType } from '@nestjs/graphql';

@InputType()
export class UpdateCityInput extends PartialType(CreateCityInput) {
  @Field(() => Int, { nullable: false })
  id: number;
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

update input extends create input and adds a mandatory id field.

Let's give it a try...

We'll use graphql playground in http://localhost:3000. First, query countries;

query countries {
  countries {
    id
    name
    population
    treaties {
      id
      name
    }
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

And the reply from graphql is empty since we've not yet created any. Let's create three countries;

mutation createCountry {
  createCountry(input: { name: "Japan", population: 35000 }) {
    id
    name
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 
mutation createCountry {
  createCountry(input: { name: "France", population: 25000 }) {
    id
    name
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 
mutation createCountry {
  createCountry(input: { name: "Germany", population: 55000 }) {
    id
    name
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Now run the countries query again, you must have three now;

{
  "data": {
    "countries": [
      {
        "id": 2,
        "name": "France",
        "population": 25000,
        "treaties": []
      },
      {
        "id": 1,
        "name": "Japan",
        "population": 35000,
        "treaties": []
      },
      {
        "id": 3,
        "name": "Germany",
        "population": 55000,
        "treaties": []
      }
    ]
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

it's important to note that, the shape of the result determined by the query we sent. You can test all the mutations and queries your self. There're all functional!

Adding continent field to country

Let's say we need to add a continent field to country. Moreover, since continent data is not to subject to change, we want the continent to be enum. Let's create Continent enum;

src/country/enums.ts

import { registerEnumType } from '@nestjs/graphql';

export enum Continent {
  Asia = 'Asia',
  Europe = 'Europe',
  America = 'America',
  Africa = 'Africa',
}

registerEnumType(Continent, { name: 'Continent' });
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We need to register enums with registerEnumType. Let's add below field to country entity;

  @Column({ type: 'enum', enum: Continent, nullable: true })
  @Field(() => Continent, { nullable: true })
  continent: Continent;
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We're using the same enum for our db, and also for our graphql schema, awesome! Finally we need to update CreateCountryInput with below field;

  @Field(() => Continent, { nullable: true })
  continent: Continent;
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Now we should create a new typeorm db migration to update countrydb accordingly; yarn migration:generate Continent. Our second migration should be like this;

import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';

export class Continent1634807399486 implements MigrationInterface {
  name = 'Continent1634807399486';

  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
    await queryRunner.query(
      `CREATE TYPE "public"."country_continent_enum" AS ENUM('Asia', 'Europe', 'America', 'Africa')`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "country" ADD "continent" "public"."country_continent_enum"`,
    );
  }

  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
    await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "country" DROP COLUMN "continent"`);
    await queryRunner.query(`DROP TYPE "public"."country_continent_enum"`);
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Only necessary DDL commands are added to newly created migration. We're updating our db incrementally. We can have our migrations to execute manually added DML commands. Our treaty table is empty. Let's insert some;

import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';

export class Continent1634807399486 implements MigrationInterface {
  name = 'Continent1634807399486';

  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
    await queryRunner.query(
      `CREATE TYPE "public"."country_continent_enum" AS ENUM('Asia', 'Europe', 'America', 'Africa')`,
    );
    await queryRunner.query(
      `ALTER TABLE "country" ADD "continent" "public"."country_continent_enum"`,
    );

    await queryRunner.query(
      `INSERT INTO "treaty"(name) VALUES ('Kyoto Protocol'),('Paris Agreement'),('Vienna Convention');`,
    );
  }

  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
    await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "country" DROP COLUMN "continent"`);
    await queryRunner.query(`DROP TYPE "public"."country_continent_enum"`);
    await queryRunner.query(`DELETE FROM "treaty"`);
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We've added insert and delete DML commands to up and down functions of Continent migration respectively. Let's run it, yarn migration:run

Country table is supposed to have a continent field of type country_continent_enum. Besides, treaty table must have three records inserted. We can see Continent enum in our graphql schema;

enum

Let's check migrations table. It now has a new record of Continent migration. This way we're versioning countrydb. When we deploy our code to prod, our prod countrydb migration level will be updated and we can trace it easily. No manuel DDL update would be necessary, wonderful!

id|timestamp    |name                  |
--+-------------+----------------------+
 1|1634791876559|Init1634791876559     |
 2|1634807399486|Continent1634807399486|
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We can update the countries with continent. Since it's enum type, no need to write, just hit ctrl+space and select from continents, nice!

mutation updateCountry {
  updateCountry(input: { id: 1, continent: Asia }) {
    id
    name
    continent
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Query a legacy database

We may need to query an existing legacy database. It'll be a db first approach. So, we'll create its module, service, resolver one by one;

nest g module legacy --no-spec

nest g service legacy --no-spec

nest g resolver legacy --no-spec

Our legacydb is a mssql. Need to install mssql package

yarn add mssql

We need to add one more TypeOrmModule among app module's imports array;

 TypeOrmModule.forRoot({
      name: 'legacydb',
      type: 'mssql',
      host: process.env.LEGACY_DB_HOST,
      port: parseInt(process.env.LEGACY_DB_PORT),
      username: process.env.LEGACY_DB_USERNAME,
      password: process.env.LEGACY_DB_PASSWORD,
      database: process.env.LEGACY_DB_NAME,
      extra: {
        trustServerCertificate: true,
      },
    }),
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

new .env file should be as below;

DB_NAME=countrydb
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=5432
DB_USERNAME=postgres
DB_PASSWORD=postgres
LEGACY_DB_HOST=localhost\SQLEXPRESS
LEGACY_DB_PORT=1433
LEGACY_DB_USERNAME=dummy_user
LEGACY_DB_PASSWORD=dummy_password
LEGACY_DB_NAME=legacydb
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Let's say legacydb has a company table which we'll query from;

id|name     |products             |
--+---------+---------------------+
 1|Apple    |iphone, ipad, macbook|
 2|Samsung  |Android devices      |
 3|Del Monte|Food                 |
 4|Tesla    |Electric cars        |
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Let's create a dto object to be used as result type of our query;

src/legacy/dto/legacy.company.ts

import { Field, Int, ObjectType } from '@nestjs/graphql';

@ObjectType()
export class Company {
  @Field(() => Int, { nullable: true })
  id: number;

  @Field({ nullable: true })
  name: string;

  @Field({ nullable: true })
  products: string;
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/legacy/legacy.service.ts

import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { getManager } from 'typeorm';
import { Company } from './dto/legacy.company';

@Injectable()
export class LegacyService {
  async findCompanies(companyName: string): Promise<Company[]> {
    return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
      try {
        const entityManager = getManager('legacydb');
        let strQueryCompany = `SELECT id, name, products FROM legacydb.dbo.company WHERE name = @0;`;

        let result = await entityManager.query(strQueryCompany, [companyName]);

        resolve(result);
      } catch (error) {
        reject(error);
      }
    });
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

src/legacy/legacy.resolver.ts

import { LegacyService } from './legacy.service';
import { Args, Query, Resolver } from '@nestjs/graphql';
import { Company } from './dto/legacy.company';

@Resolver()
export class LegacyResolver {
  constructor(private legacyService: LegacyService) {}

  @Query(() => [Company])
  async companies(
    @Args('companyName', { nullable: true }) companyName: string,
  ) {
    return await this.legacyService.findCompanies(companyName);
  }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We can see our Company type and companies query in graphql schema;

company-schema

Our query is supposed to run as below;

company-query

Finally, we're querying two databases from the same graphql api 👍

Top comments (0)

Read next

thesohailjafri profile image

Building an Authentication Wrapper in React/Next.js + GraphQL 💪

Sohail Jafri -

rajeshkumaryadavdotcom profile image

How to Deploy a Next.js App on Windows Server 2022 with IIS: A Step-by-Step Guide

Rajesh Kumar Yadav -

duubemmm profile image

Installing And Running NPM Packages Using The Terminal

Chidubem Okoli -

femresirvan profile image

🔴Managing Cron Jobs with NestJS: Solving Multi-Instance Issues and Locking Mechanisms

Fırat Emre ŞİRVAN -