This is without doubt, one of the reasons I chose NoSQL, e.g. MongoDB; but can it apply to RDBMS? Will it be simple / intuitive to maintain?
Usually one-to-many relationships, right? But I believe, 1. no relationship might be faster than one relationship; 2. what about maintenance and readability?
This only apply to easily indexable arrays, like Number or String, though.
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The answer for MongoDB is discussed in this link.
qr.ae/pNsEOb
Not clear what you mean by this. Are you asking how arrays as column values in relational databases are indexed? I think it depends on the specific relational database and what types of queries it supports on array values.
I think the answer is usually one-to-many relationships.
However, I am not sure if JSON or JSONB columns in PostGRES can be indexed. (That is, no Foreign keys needed.)