Scrapy is one of the most accessible tools that you can use to scrape and also spider a website with effortless ease.
Today lets see how we can scrape Amazon to get reviews for let say the Apple Air pods.
Here is the URL we are going to scrape https://www.amazon.com/Apple-AirPods-Charging-Latest-Model/dp/B07PXGQC1Q?pf_rd_p=35490539-d10f-5014-aa29-827668c75392&pf_rd_r=6T723HNZTK1TCR53MSAG&pd_rd_wg=U5S97&ref_=pd_gw_ri&pd_rd_w=rFFcu&pd_rd_r=9ea5f81c-8328-4375-bf2c-874e4f045991#customerReviews
Especially the review area.
First, we need to install scrapy if you haven't already.
Once installed, go ahead and create a project by invoking the startproject command.
This will output something like this.
And create a folder structure like this.
Now CD into the scrapingproject. You will need to do it twice like this.
Now we need a spider to crawl through the Amazon reviews page. So we use the genspider to tell scrapy to create one for us. We call the spider ourfirstbot and pass it to the URL of the Amazon page.
This should return successfully like this.
Great. Now open the file ourfirstbot.py in the spider's folder. It should look like this.
Let's examine this code before we proceed.
The allowed_domains array restricts all further crawling to the domain paths specified here.
start_urls is the list of URLs to crawl. For us, in this example, we only need one URL.
The def parse(self, response): function is called by scrapy after every successful URL crawl. Here is where we can write our code to extract the data we want.
We now need to find the CSS selector of the elements we need to extract the data. Go to the URL https://www.amazon.com/Apple-AirPods-Charging-Latest-Model/dp/B07PXGQC1Q?pf_rd_p=35490539-d10f-5014-aa29-827668c75392&pf_rd_r=6T723HNZTK1TCR53MSAG&pd_rd_wg=U5S97&ref_=pd_gw_ri&pd_rd_w=rFFcu&pd_rd_r=9ea5f81c-8328-4375-bf2c-874e4f045991 #customerReviews
And right-click on the title of one of the reviews and click on inspect. This will open the Google Chrome Inspector like below.
You can see that the CSS class name of the title element is review-title, so we are going to ask scrapy to get us the contents of this class like this
Similarly, we try and find the class names of the review rating element (note that the class names might change by the time you run this code.
If you are unfamiliar with CSS selectors, you can refer to this page by Scrapy https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/selectors.html
We have to use the zip function now to map a similar index of multiple containers so that they can be used just using as a single entity. So here is how it looks.
We use BeautifulSoup to remove HTML tags and get pure text and now lets run this with the command (Notice we are turning off obeying Robots.txt)
Bingo. You get the results below.
Now, let's export the extracted data to a CSV file. All you have to do is to provide an export file like this.
Or if you want the data in the JSON format.
Scaling Scrapy
The example above is ok for small scale web crawling projects. But if you try to scrape large quantities of data at high speeds from websites like Amazon, you will find that sooner or later, your access will be restricted. Amazon can tell you are a bot, so one of the things you can do is run the crawler impersonating a web browser. This is done by passing the user agent string to the Amazon web server, so it doesn't block you.
Like this
In more advanced implementations, you will need even to rotate this string, so Amazon cant tell it the same browser! Welcome to web scraping.
If we get a little bit more advanced, you will realize that Amazon can simply block your IP, ignoring all your other tricks. This is a bummer, and this is where most web crawling projects fail.
Investing in a private rotating proxy service like Proxies API can most of the time make the difference between a successful and headache-free web scraping project, which gets the job done consistently and one that never really works.
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Once you have an API_KEY from Proxies API, you just have to change your code to this.
We have only changed one line at the start_urls array, and that will make sure we will never have to worry about IP rotation, user agent string rotation, or even rate limits ever again.
Top comments (1)
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