Encapsulation

• Encapsulation is one of the important concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

• It is the process of wrapping data (variables) and methods into a single unit called a class.
  In encapsulation, class variables are usually declared as private and accessed using public getter and setter methods.

Why Encapsulation is Used:

Encapsulation helps to:

• Protect data from unauthorized access

• Improve security

• Control data modification

• Make code clean and maintainable

Program:

class Student {

    // private variables
    private int id;
    private String name;

    // setter methods
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // getter methods
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Student s1 = new Student();

        // setting values using setter methods
        s1.setId(101);
        s1.setName("Sarumathi");

        // getting values using getter methods
        System.out.println("Student ID : " + s1.getId());
        System.out.println("Student Name : " + s1.getName());
    }
}

Output: