Docker Series: Episode 12 — Docker Security — Protect Your Images, Containers & Secrets 🔒

#docker #devops #security #tutorial

Security is one of the most critical (and often ignored) aspects of working with Docker. In this episode, we’ll dive deep into how you can secure your Docker images, containers, and sensitive data.

🔑 Key Concepts

Why Docker Security Matters

Containers isolate apps, but misconfigurations can expose data.
Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in images or running containers.

Best Practices for Secure Images

Use official base images (e.g., alpine, ubuntu).
Regularly update images with docker pull.
Keep images small to reduce attack surface.
Scan images with tools like Trivy or Clair.

Managing Secrets

Never hardcode passwords or API keys in Dockerfiles.
Use Docker Secrets (in Swarm) or external secret managers (AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault).
Pass secrets via environment variables or mounted files securely.

Container Runtime Security

Run containers as non-root users.
Use resource limits (--memory, --cpus).
Avoid --privileged mode unless absolutely necessary.

Network Security

Use Docker’s bridge networks to isolate services.
Restrict exposed ports.
Use firewalls and reverse proxies (NGINX, Traefik).

Security Tools

Trivy → Scan images for vulnerabilities.
Falco → Monitor runtime security.
Docker Bench for Security → Automate security checks.

🛠 Example: Running a Container as Non-Root

# Use an official base image
FROM node:18-alpine

# Create and use non-root user
RUN addgroup appgroup && adduser -S appuser -G appgroup
USER appuser

WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN npm install --production
CMD ["node", "server.js"]