Recursion Example with Debugging?

Problem:

Find factorial of a number using recursion.

5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120

Java Code (with debug prints):

public class Main {

    static int fact(int n) {

        System.out.println("Calling fact(" + n + ")");

        if (n == 1) {
            System.out.println("Base case reached: fact(1) = 1");
            return 1;
        }

        int result = n * fact(n - 1);

        System.out.println("Returning from fact(" + n + ") = " + result);

        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int output = fact(5);
        System.out.println("Final Answer: " + output);
    }
}

Step-by-Step Debug Output:

Calling fact(5)
Calling fact(4)
Calling fact(3)
Calling fact(2)
Calling fact(1)
Base case reached: fact(1) = 1
Returning from fact(2) = 2
Returning from fact(3) = 6
Returning from fact(4) = 24
Returning from fact(5) = 120
Final Answer: 120

Image Explanation: