A new year brings new opportunities for aspiring developers and people who are trying to leave their non tech role so that they can get hired as a developer. One of the most common dilemmas that these people face is figuring out what technical stack to learn and in what direction they should be going when it comes to learning a new programming language from scratch. There are endless options and many different paths that someone could choose to go down.
Arguably two of the most popular and talked about programming languages in the world are JavaScript and Python. If you search for JavaScript and Python job roles on any job board you are highly likely to see hundreds if not thousands of results. The market is and always will be hot for these two highly sought after languages and that is not going to change anytime soon. Both languages share quite a few similarities as well. They are both C based languages which essentially means that they are general purpose, procedural and have lexical scopes among other things.
Dynamic vs Static
One of the biggest standout points is the fact that JavaScript and Python are dynamically typed languages. In a manner of sense a dynamically typed programming language does not require variables to be explicitly declared prior to their usage. And in the reverse a statically typed programming language prevents variables from getting reassigned to a different type. All of this will become more clear in the examples below.
Java Example
String myName; // Variable with a type of string
myName = "Tony Stark"; // The string is called Tony Stark
myName = 24; // Reassigning the string into a number
If you were to run this Java code you would get either a compile error or runtime error. It is not possible to reassign static types to a different type. You can only use another string like "Steve Rogers".
JavaScript Example
let myName; // Variable that has no type
myName = "Tony Stark"; // The variable has a type of string
myName = 24; // The variable has changed its type dynamically to a number
Now if you were to run this JavaScript code you would get no errors as it is perfectly valid. The variable name is now the number 24.
Python Example
my_name = "Tony Stark" # The variable has a type of string
my_name = 24 # The variable has changed its type dynamically to an int
Similarly if you were to run this Python code you would also get no errors as it is perfectly valid. The variable name is now the Int 24.
Data Types
Data types are essentially ways to store data inside of an application. The type of data type specifies what can be stored and how it can be managed. Below you will find a list of some of the data types that each language has.
JavaScript Data Types
Text Type: string
Numeric Type: number
Boolean Type: boolean
Mapping Type: object
Sequence Type: array
Python Data Types
Text Type: string
Numeric Type: int, float, complex
Boolean Type: boolean
Mapping Type: dict
Sequence Type: list, tuple, range
Comparing the syntax
Next we will compare the syntax for both programming languages so you can see how easy it is to transition between the two of them. First let me run through a few differences between the languages.
JavaScript
- Uses semicolons
- Uses curly braces for code blocks
- Uses the CamelCase naming convention for variables for example firstName
- Uses
console.logfor outputting messages to the console
Functions use this syntax:
function myFunc() {
console.log('Hello World');
}
const myFunc2 = () => {
console.log('Hello World 2');
};
myFunc();
myFunc2();
Python
- Does not use semicolons
- Does not use curly braces
- Uses the Snake Case naming convention for variables for example first_name
- Uses indentation for code blocks
- Uses
printfor outputting messages to the console
Functions use this syntax:
def my_func():
print('Hello World')
my_func()
Text
Both languages output a string type variable
JavaScript Syntax
let myName = "Tony Stark";
console.log(typeof myName); // string
Python Syntax
my_name = "Tony Stark"
print(type(my_name)) # str
Numeric
In this example both variables output a number in JavaScript
JavaScript Syntax
let num = 9000;
let num2 = 9.0;
console.log(typeof num); // Number
console.log(typeof num2); // Number
Python Syntax
In this example Python is able to see the difference between a number and a float because they are built in data types
num = 9000
num_2 = 9.0
print(type(num)) # Int
print(type(num_2)) # Float
Boolean
The output is almost exactly the same the only difference is that JavaScript uses a lowercase "t" for true whereas Python uses an uppercase "T".
JavaScript Syntax
let wizard = true;
console.log(wizard); // boolean
Python Syntax
In this example Python is able to see the difference between a number and a float because they are built in data types
wizard = True
print(wizard) # bool
Mapping
JavaScript uses the object data structure whereas Python uses the dictionary data structure. From looking at the examples you can see that they are very alike. The difference is that JavaScript does not require quotes for the keys whereas Python requires them for the keys in the key value pair.
The keys are on the left for example name and the values are on the right for example Tony Stark.
JavaScript Syntax
const myprofile = {
name: 'Tony Stark',
age: 48,
superhero: 'Iron Man',
};
console.log(myprofile);
Python Syntax
my_profile = {
"name": "Tony Stark",
"age": 48,
"superhero": "Iron Man",
};
print(my_profile);
Sequence
JavaScript uses an Array which is a type of object data structure whereas Python uses the list data structure. As you can see they have many similarities in terms of the syntax you write.
JavaScript Syntax
const myArr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
console.log(typeof myArr); // object
Python Syntax
myArr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
print(type(myArr)) # list
Where to go from here
There are many platforms you can go to if you want to learn JavaScript and Python. Personally I think that freeCodeCamp and Udemy have great courses for both of them. These are the ones that I recommend.
Learn JavaScript
https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/javascript-algorithms-and-data-structures/
https://www.udemy.com/course/the-complete-javascript-course/
Learn Python
https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/scientific-computing-with-python/
https://www.udemy.com/course/complete-python-developer-zero-to-mastery/
Top comments (11)
what about freamworks, which is the best for 2022?
JavaScript
React
Vue
Angular
Svelte
Python
Django
Flask
FastAPI
Could you speak about the difference between them?
In another article sure 😅
For JavaScript backend we have a framework called -Node Js
Make application with Next.js, it provides server (backend) as well as frontend on top of React.
@mithunbl Node Js isn't a framework. It provides a runtime server outside of the browser. ☺
I am learning js and learnt python did learn tkinter library in python too and made some of my softwares
Great piece. Thanks a lot.
When someone asks me what programming language they should learn, I've always said Python for the past 20 years, and I still think that's the best language to learn first. (I also encourage using PyCharm CE for those beginners, too. Because JetBrains rocks!)
Why? The language is mature, it does a superb job at the principle of least surprise, the syntax is very approachable, it does not have the oddities and historical anomalies (Python 3 shed all the deadweight that I hated with Python 2) that are in other popular languages (I'm looking at you, C++), it's useful as a serious programming language as well so is a durable skill to have in one's toolset, and can do many amazing advanced things well too.
Granted, by my own simple measurement, my well-written C++ programs are about x300 faster than my well-written (but not hyper-optimized by using NumPy or whatnot) Python programs.
Still, my ML developer coworkers will develop in Python, and when that's working great only then will they translate that work into C++. Python is fab!
JavaScript... I don't advocate for that as the beginner's first language. (And I've done my fair share of JavaScript and TypeScript; and dabbled in Elm and GorillaScript and CoffeeScript.) JavaScript has a lot of skeletons in its closet, and unlike Python 3 it (probably) cannot jettison the skeletons and start over.
So what you're actually saying is 'learn PHP', since it has the characteristics you point out plus optional static typing with a sophisticated and flexible type system.