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Cloud(x); profile image Axel Navarro
Axel Navarro for Cloud(x);

Posted on • Updated on

How to use Puppeteer inside a Docker container

#docker #node #javascript #automation

Introduction

Puppeteer is a Node.js library which provides a high-level API to control Chromium (or Firefox) browsers over the DevTools Protocol.

This guide helps to use Puppeteer inside a Docker container using the Node.js image.

If we use the Docker images for Node.js v14 LTS Gallium, when installing the chromium package from apt, it will be v90.0, which can have compatibility issues with the latest Puppeteer. This is because it was tested with the latest Chromium stable release.

Selecting the correct image

Well... we want to run a web browser inside a container. it's important to know what are the different between the available variants.

Alpine is enough but ...

Yeah, we can run Chromium using Alpine Linux, but we'll need a few extra steps to make it run. That's why we prefer Debian variants to make it easier.

Which distro?

Every major version of Node.js in built over a version of Debian, and that Debian version comes with an old version of Chromium, which one could be not compatible with the latest version of Puppeteer.

Node.js Debian Chromium
v14 9.13 73.0.3683.75
v16 10.9 90.0.4430.212
v17 11.2 99.0.4844.84

To quickly solve that issue we can use the Google Chrome's Debian package that always installs the latest stable version. Therefore, this Dockerfile is compatible with Node.js v14, v16, or any new one.

Why not the built-in Chromium

When we install Google Chrome, apt will install all the dependencies for us.

Dockerfile 

FROM node:slim AS app

# We don't need the standalone Chromium
ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD true

# Install Google Chrome Stable and fonts
# Note: this installs the necessary libs to make the browser work with Puppeteer.
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install curl gnupg -y \
  && curl --location --silent https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
  && sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' \
  && apt-get update \
  && apt-get install google-chrome-stable -y --no-install-recommends \
  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install your app here...
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💡 If you are in an ARM-based CPU like Apple M1, you should use the --platform argument when you build the Docker image.

docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t image-name .
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The code config

Remember to use the installed browser instead of the Puppeteer's built-in one inside your app's code.

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
...

const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
  executablePath: '/usr/bin/google-chrome',
  args: [...] // if we need them.
});
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Conclusion

The browser installation via apt will resolve the required dependencies to run a headless browser inside a Docker container without any manual intervention. These dependencies are not included in the Node.js Docker images by default.

The easiest path to use Puppeteer inside a Docker container is installing Google Chrome because, in contrast to the Chromium package offered by Debian, Chrome only offers the latest stable version.

Update 2022-08-24

This new Dockerfile version

FROM node:slim

# We don't need the standalone Chromium
ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD true

# Install Google Chrome Stable and fonts
# Note: this installs the necessary libs to make the browser work with Puppeteer.
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install gnupg wget -y && \
  wget --quiet --output-document=- https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/google-archive.gpg && \
  sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' && \
  apt-get update && \
  apt-get install google-chrome-stable -y --no-install-recommends && \
  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
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Applies the following changes:

A. Removes the apt-key deprecation warning.

Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
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B. Uses wget because it's installed by google-chrome-stable and it reduces a few MiB not installing curl.

Top comments (33)

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bayokwendo profile image
Brian Kwendo • • Edited

After running the code and I got into multiple errors of browser not launching caused by using wrong executablePath etc, Below code help in resolving the issue

            const executablePath: string = await new Promise(resolve => locateChrome((arg: any) => resolve(arg))) || '';

            const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
                executablePath,
                args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox'],

            });
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mrgoonie profile image
Goon Nguyen •

where is that locateChrome function tho?

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__38ab1d02e profile image
Евгений Косицын •

npmjs.com/package/locate-chrome here

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arielerv profile image
Ariel Erviti •

Hi there, I know it's an old post, but it's still valid. I provide a config that works for image oraclelinux based on rh.

FROM oraclelinux:7-slim

RUN yum -y install oracle-nodejs-release-el7 oracle-instantclient-release-el7 wget unzip && \
    yum-config-manager --disable ol7_developer_nodejs\* && \
    yum-config-manager --enable ol7_developer_nodejs16 && \
    yum-config-manager --enable ol7_optional_latest && \
    yum -y install nodejs node-oracledb-node16 && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*

RUN wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm && \
    yum install -y google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm

WORKDIR /srv/app/

COPY . /srv/app/.

RUN npm install

EXPOSE 3006

CMD ["node", "index.js"]
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And the lunch:

        const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
            executablePath: '/usr/bin/google-chrome',
            args: [
                '--disable-gpu',
                '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
                '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
                '--no-sandbox'
            ]
        });
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mdrijwan profile image
Md Rijwan Razzaq Matin • • Edited

Hi there,
I used your Dockerfile content along with mine as i am trying to to generate pdf file for this service that i'm building with typescript. now everything works locally but i can't deploy it to AWS as it exceeds the lambda limit. now i am trying to dockerize it and it get's deployed but throws the following error.

"Failed to launch the browser process! spawn /usr/bin/google-chrome ENOENT\n\n\nTROUBLESHOOTING: https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md\n"
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here is my Dockerfile

FROM node:slim

# We don't need the standalone Chromium
ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD true

# Install Google Chrome Stable and fonts
# Note: this installs the necessary libs to make the browser work with Puppeteer.
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install gnupg wget -y && \
    wget --quiet --output-document=- https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/google-archive.gpg && \
    sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get install google-chrome-stable -y --no-install-recommends && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/nodejs:14.2022.09.09.11
ARG FUNCTION_DIR="/var/task"

# Create function directory
RUN mkdir -p ${FUNCTION_DIR}

# Copy package.json
COPY package.json ${FUNCTION_DIR}

# Install NPM dependencies for function
RUN npm install

# Copy handler function and tsconfig
COPY . ${FUNCTION_DIR}

# Compile ts files
RUN npm run build

# Set the CMD to your handler
CMD [ "dist/src/generate.pdf" ]
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and here is my code

export async function generatePdf(
  file: FileType,
  options?: OptionsProps,
  callback?: CallBackType
) {
  let args = ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox', '--disable-gpu'];

  if (options?.args) {
    args = options.args;
    delete options.args;
  }

  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    headless: false,
    args: args,
    ignoreDefaultArgs: ['--disable-extensions'],
    executablePath: '/usr/bin/google-chrome',
  });

  const page = await browser.newPage();
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navarroaxel profile image
Axel Navarro • • Edited

Hi! Here, you're using a multi-stage build in Docker. You are taken the node:slim image, installing puppeteer there. But then you started a new stage with FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/nodejs:14 and you don't have apt or Chrome neither in this image because is based on Amazon Linux and it uses yum as package manager (like RHEL).

You can check some approaches like github.com/shelfio/chrome-aws-lamb... or github.com/alixaxel/chrome-aws-lambda that explains how to use pptr inside Lambdas.

Also, I found this here stackoverflow.com/a/66099373, but I didn't test it

FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/nodejs:14

RUN yum install -y wget unzip libX11

RUN wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm && \
    yum install -y google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm

RUN CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION=`curl -sS https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE` && \
    wget -O /tmp/chromedriver.zip https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION/chromedriver_linux64.zip && \
    unzip /tmp/chromedriver.zip chromedriver -d /usr/local/bin/
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mdrijwan profile image
Md Rijwan Razzaq Matin •

i just tried this.

my Dockerfile

FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/nodejs:14

RUN yum install -y wget unzip libX11

RUN wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm && \
    yum install -y google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm

RUN CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION=`curl -sS https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE` && \
    wget -O /tmp/chromedriver.zip https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION/chromedriver_linux64.zip && \
    unzip /tmp/chromedriver.zip chromedriver -d /usr/local/bin/

ARG FUNCTION_DIR="/var/task"

# Create function directory
RUN mkdir -p ${FUNCTION_DIR}

# Copy package.json
COPY package.json ${FUNCTION_DIR}

# Install NPM dependencies for function
RUN npm install

# Copy handler function and tsconfig
COPY . ${FUNCTION_DIR}

# Compile ts files
RUN npm run build

# Set the CMD to your handler
CMD [ "dist/src/generate.pdf" ]
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and my code

export async function generatePdf(
  file: FileType,
  options?: OptionsProps,
  callback?: CallBackType
) {
  let args = [
    '--no-sandbox',
    '--disable-setuid-sandbox',
    '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
    '--disable-gpu',
  ];

  if (options?.args) {
    args = options.args;
    delete options.args;
  }

  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    args: args,
    executablePath: '/usr/bin/google-chrome',
  });
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and i get this error "Protocol error (Target.setAutoAttach): Target closed."

2022-09-15T05:46:28.039Z    a251301b-87b7-4e34-bf7c-c1d0a42ae6f5    ERROR   ProtocolError: Protocol error (Target.setAutoAttach): Target closed.
    at /var/task/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/cjs/puppeteer/common/Connection.js:104:24
    at new Promise (<anonymous>)
    at Connection.send (/var/task/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/cjs/puppeteer/common/Connection.js:100:16)
    at ChromeTargetManager.initialize (/var/task/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/cjs/puppeteer/common/ChromeTargetManager.js:253:82)
    at Browser._attach (/var/task/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/cjs/puppeteer/common/Browser.js:219:73)
    at Function._create (/var/task/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/cjs/puppeteer/common/Browser.js:201:23)
    at ChromeLauncher.launch (/var/task/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/cjs/puppeteer/node/ChromeLauncher.js:92:50)
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:95:5)
    at async generatePdf (/var/task/dist/src/helpers/makePdf.js:21:21)
    at async Runtime.pdf [as handler] (/var/task/dist/src/generate.js:21:29) {
  originalMessage: ''
}
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Thread Thread
 
chobotx profile image
ChobotX •

Any solution to this? Having the exact same error.

Thread Thread
 
navarroaxel profile image
Axel Navarro •

You should install all these X Window System dependencies in your Docker image:
alsa-lib
atk
cups-libs
ipa-gothic-fonts
libXcomposite
libXcursor
libXdamage
libXext
libXi
libXrandr
libXScrnSaver
libXtst
pango
xorg-x11-fonts-100dpi
xorg-x11-fonts-75dpi
xorg-x11-fonts-cyrillic
xorg-x11-fonts-misc
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1
xorg-x11-utils

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mdrijwan profile image
Md Rijwan Razzaq Matin •

Also, would have a look in here please? I'm so stuck!
stackoverflow.com/questions/737184...

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mdrijwan profile image
Md Rijwan Razzaq Matin •

updated my Dockerfile
i'm using your build and copying to my own build

ARG FUNCTION_DIR="/function"
FROM node:slim as build-image
ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD true
ARG FUNCTION_DIR
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install gnupg wget -y && \
    wget --quiet --output-document=- https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/google-archive.gpg && \
    sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get install google-chrome-stable -y --no-install-recommends && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN mkdir -p ${FUNCTION_DIR}/
COPY . ${FUNCTION_DIR}
RUN ls ${FUNCTION_DIR}
WORKDIR ${FUNCTION_DIR}
RUN npm install

FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/nodejs:latest
ARG FUNCTION_DIR
WORKDIR ${FUNCTION_DIR}
COPY --from=build-image ${FUNCTION_DIR} ${FUNCTION_DIR}
RUN ls ${FUNCTION_DIR}
COPY package.json ${FUNCTION_DIR}
RUN npm install
COPY . ${FUNCTION_DIR}

RUN npm run build
RUN ls ${FUNCTION_DIR}/node_modules
RUN node node_modules/puppeteer/install.js
CMD [ "/function/dist/api/generate.pdf" ]
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but getting this error:
"Failed to launch the browser process! spawn /usr/bin/google-chrome ENOENT\n\n\nTROUBLESHOOTING: https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md\n"

Thread Thread
 
navarroaxel profile image
Axel Navarro •

Why aren't you using the Amazon ECS?

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mdrijwan profile image
Md Rijwan Razzaq Matin •

why? so it would workout with ECS but not with lambda?

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navarroaxel profile image
Axel Navarro •

ECS was made to work with Docker images and it fits with your needs. You can run Docker images on Lambdas but I didn't see that before, maybe you will pay more if you use Lambda because the price is based on CPU and RAM consumption.
The resources required to wake up a container are much more than just running and interpreting some code, so you could end up paying more just for resources that doesn't necessarily translate to performance.

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evanstjabadi profile image
Evans Tjabadi •

@navarroaxel - nice article - helped me even though I am using the python version

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sharmaarun profile image
Arun Sharma •

Thanks! It works fine for me.

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wooncherk profile image
Lam Woon Cherk •

This saved the day! :)

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cory_k profile image
Cory •

Thank you for this, it got me unstuck. Do you know if installing the latest Google Chrome could lead to problems if using an older version of Puppeteer? How to avoid this?

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navarroaxel profile image
Axel Navarro •

Yep, puppeteer is tested with a specific version of Chromium, details here: pptr.dev/chromium-support.

Also in each release you can see that version: github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/rel....

You can check the available version starting a container with:

docker run --rm -it node:18-slim bash
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And then these commands for chromium or google-chrome-stable:

$ apt-get update && apt list --all-versions chromium

# Add the apt repo for Google Chrome
$ apt update && apt install curl gnupg -y \
  && curl --location --silent https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
  && sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' \
  && apt update

$ apt list --all-versions google-chrome-stable
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For node:18-slim you'll see this output:

google-chrome-stable/stable 104.0.5112.101-1 amd64
chromium/stable-security 104.0.5112.101-1~deb11u1 amd64
chromium/stable 103.0.5060.53-1~deb11u1 amd64
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Just look for a puppeteer version that works fine with the given Chromium version.

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gelbotron profile image
Andrej Hýll •

I made an account just to thank You.

I have been trying to run @unlighthouse and Puppeteer in a docker for two days now, with nothing working. I installed Chrome in twenty different ways with no luck; the puppeteer couldn't spawn Chrome. Miraculously this exact snipped worked! The dopamine rush and ecstasy were something indescribable.

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greggcbs profile image
GreggHume •

how ridiculously hard is it to run puppeteer on a server. my mind is bending right now.

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brandoncopley profile image
Brandon Copley • • Edited

SOLVED If you're on an M1 mac you have to add --platform linux/amd64 to your docker build command.

docker build --platform linux/amd64 . -t your_image_name
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When I run this same docker file I receive the following error:

#5 6.185 E: Unable to locate package google-chrome-stable
------
executor failed running [/bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install gnupg wget -y &&   wget --quiet --output-document=- https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/google-archive.gpg &&   sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' &&   apt-get update &&   apt-get install google-chrome-stable -y --no-install-recommends &&   rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*]: exit code: 100
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The entire dockerfile is:

FROM node:slim

# We don't need the standalone Chromium
ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD true

# Install Google Chrome Stable and fonts
# Note: this installs the necessary libs to make the browser work with Puppeteer.
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install gnupg wget -y && \
  wget --quiet --output-document=- https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/google-archive.gpg && \
  sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' && \
  apt-get update && \
  apt-get install google-chrome-stable -y --no-install-recommends && \
  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
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kamalkech profile image
kamal •

are u fixed this issue ??

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brassel profile image
Captain Fim • • Edited

When I try to use the docker file above to build an image, I get

#5 7.862 E: Unable to locate package google-chrome-stable

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navarroaxel profile image
Axel Navarro • • Edited

Works for me using this Dockerfile gist.github.com/navarroaxel/3f4492..., I built it with

docker build --tag node-chrome .
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Are you using another base image instead of FROM node:slim AS app?

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mail2viveksagar profile image
Vivek •

Getting this error - ****
Error: Failed to launch the browser process!
[74:122:0316/214552.693705:ERROR:bus.cc(407)] Failed to connect to the bus: Failed to connect to socket /run/dbus/system_bus_socket: No such file or directory
[0316/214552.821672:ERROR:scoped_ptrace_attach.cc(27)] ptrace: Function not implemented (38)
Assertion failed: p_rcu_reader->depth != 0 (/qemu/include/qemu/rcu.h: rcu_read_unlock: 102)

TROUBLESHOOTING: pptr.dev/troubleshooting

at ChildProcess.onClose (/work/node_modules/@puppeteer/browsers/lib/cjs/launch.js:277:24)
at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:530:35)
at ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:294:12)
{"success":false,"data":"{\"status\":\"\",\"headers\":[],\"content\":\"\",\"trace\":\"PUPPET_LOG: INPUT_JSON = {\"url\":\"example.com\",\"user_agent\"...} StartLoading > ERROR > Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'newPage')\"}"}TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'close')
at closeBrowser (/work/download_page_html.js:330:24)
at killProcess (/work/download_page_html.js:345:8)
at outputResult (/work/download_page_html.js:378:3)
at /work/download_page_html.js:367:4
at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)

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mail2viveksagar profile image
Vivek •

My docker file looks like - FROM --platform=linux/amd64 node:20

ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD true
ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_DOWNLOAD true

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install curl gnupg -y \
&& curl --location --silent dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_sign... | apt-key add - \
&& sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' \
&& apt-get update \
&& apt-get install google-chrome-stable -y --no-install-recommends \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
WORKDIR /work

COPY package.json ./

RUN npm install

RUN npx puppeteer browsers install chrome

COPY app.js download_page_html.js crawler-browser.js start-crawler-browser.sh start-download-page-html.sh ./

EXPOSE 3000

And I am using Apple M1 laptop

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rajeshpal53 profile image
Rajesh Pal •

As you working on puppeteer, and if you suffer from zombie process then use below docker commands , it will not create zombie process

FROM node:18-slim

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get upgrade

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install curl gnupg -y \
&& curl --location --silent dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_sign... | apt-key add - \
&& sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' \
&& apt-get update \
&& apt-get install google-chrome-stable -y --no-install-recommends \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get upgrade && apt-get install -y vim

ADD ./puppetron.tar /usr/share/
WORKDIR /usr/share/puppetron

ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD=true
ENV SERVICE_PATH=/usr/share/puppetron

CMD node main.js;

And path of browser

executablePath: '/usr/bin/google-chrome',

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septianmuh profile image
septianmuh • • Edited

this tutorial is great. but i have an issue, when i try to install chromium in node:18-alpine3.16, i add some command like this : RUN apk add --no-cache chromium
but it still not work, chromium not installed in container. any one has tutorials or some advice?

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jijonivan profile image
Ivan Jijon • • Edited

Wonderful, thanks!
I had to add ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_DOWNLOAD true to the env variables.
ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD true wasn't enough.

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jhoanlt profile image
Jhoan López •

Thank you, after so much searching I found the correct solution.

View full discussion (33 comments)

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