Difference between forwarding and routing

More extensive IT networks are divided into smaller ones that have connections. Multiple intermediate stations may be required between two nodes for a transmission. Routing is the process of delivering your data from one node to another.

Routing:
Routing is used in a system of at least one network; none of these networks is isolated. If a leased line must be established, for example, in the phone system, routing is used to select the nodes between you and the person you are talking to.

If data packets are to be exchanged, routing means transferring these packets from sender to recipient. Different packets can be routed differently, even if they are considered part of the same communication at a higher level.

In both types of networks, routing refers to the totality of all decisions about the connection of individual nodes—low forwarding to the decision regarding the individual nodes handled by these node data packets.

Forwarding:
Both are used at the network layer to send data over different routes.

In the forwarding network layer function, data or packets are transferred from one incoming link, and then the other outgoing link is reached; the main thing is that all these packet transfers are done within a single router. When any packet comes from the router's inbound link, it must transfer the packet to its correct outbound link.

On the other hand, the routing function sends the packets from one PC to another PC within two different routers. It means that the routing occurs between the two routers in the network; their combined communication through routing protocols decides the routes or paths that the packets acquire on their journey from the origin to the destination.

It is the responsibility of the network layer to decide the appropriate route for the packet, to send it to the desired receiver. The network layer uses the routing algorithm to select the correct route to send the data. The routing algorithm is responsible for choosing the best route among many routes. It means the most precise, shortest and most unobstructed path.