Promise.race: The best method to implement time limit on Promises. ⏳

Whenever a Promise request happens, it is common for it to have a timeout. If the time limit is exceeded, it'll cancel the request and throw a timeout error.

How would you implement that fallback? Do you use setTimeout? Or, at worst, do you use performance.now to calculate whether the request exceeded the time limit?

This is where Promise.race comes in. According to MDN:

The Promise.race() static method takes an iterable of promises as input and returns a single Promise.

As the name suggests, it triggers the iterable (such as an Array) of Promise objects, and whichever resolves the fastest will be returned.

So, using Promise.race, you can implement a time limit fallback with minimal code.

// Where fn is the promise, and
// ms is the time limit in milliseconds
function timeLimit(fn, ms) {
  const fallback = new Promise((_, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      reject("Time limit exceeded");
    }, ms);
  });
  return Promise.race([fn, fallback]);
}

This function simultaneously executes the fn argument and the fallback promise. The fallback promise creates a timeout with ms as the delay time. Therefore, it rejects the promise after the delay time.

Since Promise.race returns the first promise to finish, the "Time limit exceeded" rejection can be returned if the fn promise is late.

Conversely, if fn finishes earlier, it will return its result, either resolved or rejected.

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