Regulatory Freedom vs. Determinism: Agency and Responsibility

The article analyzes the debate over free will in the context of biological and environmental conditioning. The author notes that although a human does not control their genes or neurobiology, this does not automatically imply fatalism. The text distinguishes between three concepts of freedom: from metaphysical authorship, through the possibility of having acted otherwise, to the compatibilist ability to respond to reasons and modify behaviors under the influence of information. The key conclusion is the transition from a naive vision of an autonomous agent toward freedom understood as a regulatory function of the system. Thus, moral responsibility is preserved not as an absolute, but as the organism's capacity to act in accordance with its own values and reasoning, despite existing biological constraints.