CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS IN PYTHON

Conditional statements:

• Python conditional statements execute different blocks of code based on whether a specific condition evaluates to True or False.

1. The if Statement:

• The if statement evaluates a single condition.
• If the condition is true, the block of code runs.

Syntax:
if condition:
# block of code to execute if condition is True

Example:

age = 20
if age >= 18:
    print("Eligible to vote.")

Output:
Eligible to vote.

2. The if-else Statement:

• If Else statement is used to execute one block of code when the condition is True and another block when the condition is False.

Syntax:
if condition:
# block of code if condition is True
else:
# block of code if condition is False

Example:

age = 10
if age <= 12:
    print("Travel for free.")
else:
    print("Pay for ticket.")

Output:
Travel for free.

3. If-elif-else Statement:

• elif statement is used to check multiple conditions in a program.
• It executes a block of code when its condition evaluates to True after previous conditions evaluate to False.

Syntax:
if condition1:
# code block 1
elif condition2:
# code block 2
else:
# default code block if all above are False

Example:

mark1 = 90
mark2 = 95
if mark1 > mark2:
    print("mark1 is greater")
elif mark2 > mark1:
    print("mark2 is greater")
else:
    print("both are equal")

Output:
mark2 is greater

Programming Golden Rules:

1) Never say "I don't know." Say "Let me try."
2) Known To Unknown
3) Don't Think about entire output
4) Think about very next step
5) Introduce a variable only when it simplifies the solution.
6) Micro To Macro
7) Dry Run Before You Run
8) Every Program Has Three Parts: Input, Process, Output
9) Logic First, Syntax Next

IndentationError:

• Indentation in Python refers to the whitespaces (spaces or tabs) added at the beginning of a line of code.
• Python strictly requires indentation to define blocks of code and program structure.
• An IndentationError occurs when the structural spacing of your code does not align correctly, which prevents the interpreter from determining where code blocks start or end.

SyntaxError:

• Python syntax is the set of rules that defines how Python programs are written and interpreted.
• A SyntaxError in Python occurs when the interpreter encounters code that breaks the grammatical and structural rules of the language.

Check if a character is a vowel or consonant(tbd)

char = input("Enter a character: ").lower()
if char in 'aeiou':
    print(f"{char} is a vowel")
elif char.isalpha():
    print(f"{char} is a consonant")
else:
    print("Not a valid alphabet")

Determine the season based on month(tbd)

month = int(input("Enter month number (1-12): "))
if month in [12, 1, 2]:
    season = "Winter"
elif month in [3, 4, 5]:
    season = "Spring"
elif month in [6, 7, 8]:
    season = "Summer"
elif month in [9, 10, 11]:
    season = "Autumn"
else:
    season = "Invalid month"
print(f"Season: {season}")

Check password strength(tbd)

password = input("Enter password: ")
if len(password) >= 8 and any(c.isupper() for c in password) and any(c.isdigit() for c in password):
    strength = "Strong"
elif len(password) >= 6:
    strength = "Medium"
else:
    strength = "Weak"
print(f"Password strength: {strength}")

References:

Conditional Statements in Python - GeeksforGeeks

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