OPERATORS AND FUNCTION IN PYTHON

Relational operators:

Relational operators in Python (also known as comparison operators) compare the values of two operands and return a Boolean value: either True or False.

1. == Equal to
2. != Not equal to
3. > Greater than
4. < Less than
5. >= Greater than or equal to
6. <= Less than or equal to

Example:

mark = 67
if mark >= 90:
    print("grade a")
elif mark >= 80:
    print("grade b")
elif mark >= 70:
    print("grade c")
elif mark >= 40:
    print("grade d")
else:
    print("fail")

Output:
grade d

Ternary operator:

• The ternary operator in Python (officially called a conditional expression) is a compact, one-line version of a traditional if-else statement.
• It evaluates a condition and returns one value if the condition is true, and another value if it is false.

Syntax:
value_if_true if condition else value_if_false
Example:

num = 5
result = "Even" if num % 2 == 0 else "Odd"
print(result)

Output:
Odd

input() function:

• In Python, you accept user input by using the built-in input() function.

• By default, the input() function always returns a string (str), even if the user types a number.

Example:

name = input("enter a name:")
print(name)

Output:
enter a name:gokul
gokul

• Convert text to an integer:

Example:
num = int(input("enter a number:"))
result = "Even" if num % 2 == 0 else "Odd"
print(result)
Output:
enter a number:4
Even

• Convert text to a decimal:

Example:
num = float(input("enter a number:"))
result = "Even" if num % 2 == 0 else "Odd"
print(result)
Output:
enter a number:4.5
Odd

Runtime:
runtime (when the computer actually processes the instructions).

Compile time:
compile time (when code is translated into a lower-level format).

System language:
the language settings of the underlying operating system or Python's role as a system scripting language.

Function:

• A Python function is a reusable block of organized code designed to perform a single, focused action.
• Functions help break down large scripts into smaller, manageable pieces, preventing you from repeating the same code multiple times.

How to Create and Call a Function:

• The def keyword marks the start of the function header.
• The function name uniquely identifies it and follows standard variable naming rules.
• Parentheses () hold optional input values called parameters.
• A colon : marks the end of the function header.
• An indented code block describes what the function actually does.
• The return statement optionally exits the function and passes a value back to the caller.

Example:

def square(number):
    return number * number
output = square(4)
print(output)

Output:
16

types of functions:

1. Built-in Functions: Predefined tools built directly into Python, such as print(), len(), or max().
2. User-Defined Functions: Custom blocks of code created by programmers using the def keyword to meet specific project needs.

types of arguments:

1. Positional Arguments
2. Keyword Arguments
3. Default Arguments(tbd)
4. Variable-Length Arguments(tbd)

TypeError:

A TypeError in Python occurs when an operation or function is applied to an object of an inappropriate data type.

NameError:

A NameError in Python occurs when the interpreter tries to execute a piece of code that references a variable, function, or module name that has not been defined or recognized.