Exploring how modern biology views DNA beyond the traditional blueprint metaphor.
Discover why barely 2 percent of the human genome consists of protein-coding genes and how complex gene regulation shapes genomic research and AI models.
The biggest and most difficult part is how these genes are turned on or off according to the needs of each cell. This process is incredibly complex, involving three-dimensional structures, chemical modifications, and constantly interacting molecules. Scientists, such as Karen Adelman of Harvard and Wendy Bickmore of the University of Edinburgh, emphasize that DNA functions more like a sensitive living system that responds to signals from the cell, rather than a simple program.
As artificial intelligence is increasingly used to analyze genetic data through new models, experts are examining whether these systems can fully understand this enormous complexity. While these tools are expected to prove useful, the researchers point out that caution is needed, as the actual biology of the organism remains extremely complex.
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