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Hady Eslam
Hady Eslam

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Engine - Yet Another Programming Language

#programming #opensource

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
اللَّهُمَّ انْفَعْنِي بِمَا عَلَّمْتَنِي، وَعَلِّمْنِي مَا يَنْفَعُنِي، وَزِدْنِي عِلْمًا

Although there exist many programming languages on earth, This will not weaver my determination from announcing my new programming language ( Engine - The Next Generation Of Programming Languages ) ✌️

wanting to create something new and to deepen my knowledge, I have been thinking why not create a new language? with new feature and design?

Engine is a programming language that is based on Rust programming language.

Introduction

Engine is a new programming language which it's compiler is based on Rust programming language. This has many benefits:

  • Rust is fast. with memory safty guaranties
  • No garbash collection model.
  • It actually can be used as
    • Compiler
    • Interpreter
    • Byte Code Generator (That compile your code into byte code file)
    • Byte code executer (Interpreter that execute your code)

Installing

First clone the repo

git clone git@github.com:engine-lang/engine.git
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Then create engine file

touch test.en
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and put this code

string variable_1 = "hello"
print(variable_1)

string variable_2 = ", world!!!!"
print(variable_2)
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Run engine as Interpreter

You can run engine as an interpreter on the file by just running

cargo run "test.en"
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it should print

hello, world!!!!
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Run engine as a Compiler

You can run engine as a compiler which will generate an executable.

cargo run "test.en" -e
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it will generate an executable file called test, and to run it

./test
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it should print

hello, world!!!!
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Generate byte Code

You can generate a byte code like this

cargo run "test.en" -b
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it will generate a file called test.en.byte in this format

0:EngineByteCode:v0.1.0
1:Assign:string:"temp_stack1_variable_1":"hello"
2:Assign:string:"stack1_variable_variable_1":""
3:Convert:string:"stack1_variable_variable_1":"temp_stack1_variable_1"
4:Print:"stack1_variable_variable_1"
5:Assign:string:"temp_stack1_variable_2":", world!!!!"
6:Assign:string:"stack1_variable_variable_2":""
7:Convert:string:"stack1_variable_variable_2":"temp_stack1_variable_2"
8:Print:"stack1_variable_variable_2"
9:End:
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you can then use it to your specific cases, or you can run it using engine vm

Run engine as VM(Virtual Machine)

To execute the engine byte code file, you can run

cargo run "test.en.byte" --vm
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it will interprete the file

__

Comments 

# This is a single line comment
/*
    This is
    multi line
    comment
*/
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__

Defining Variables 

bool variable = True
bool variable_1 = False
bool variable_2 = False || True

int variable_0 = 5
int variable_1 = 6 + 5 - 7 * 7 / 2 + (
    5 - variable_0 * ( 6 % 2 )
)

variable_1 += 5

double variable = 6.2 + 8
double variable_2 = 0.1 - 0.4


char variable = 'H'
char variable_1 = "h"

string variable = "Hello World"
string variable_1 = 'Hello world!!'
string variable_2 = "Hello" + " World" + ',' + ' Dude!!!'
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Define variable without writing the type

You can define variables without writing the variable type like that.

var new_variable = True
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or directly

new_variable = True
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the language will try to infer the type of the variable then define new variable
based on the infered type, so the new variable will be of type boolean.

A Note

take a special note that if you define character like this

new_variable = 'H'
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the language will consider it as string.

__

New line is the line terminator for the statement (like simicolon in c and c++)

Precedence

This is the precedence of the operators

  1. ( True, False, Int Number, Double Number, Variable, Character, String, Open Parenthese - Close Parenthese - () )
  2. ( *, /, % )
  3. ( +, - )
  4. ( <, <=, >, >= )
  5. ( ==, != )
  6. ( && )
  7. ( || )

__

Print Statement

To print a variable you can do

bool variable = False
print(variable)

print("Hello, " + "World !!!")
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__

Input Statement

To get an input from the console

var line = input()
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input will be of type String.

to get input of another types

var line1 = input() as bool
var line2 = input() as int
var line3 = input() as double
var line4 = input() as char
var line5 = input() as string
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this will get the input from console and convert it to the type you specified.

you can also use it in an expression like this.

var x = 5 + input() as int + 7
print(x)
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it take the input and assign the result sum value to x variable.

__

If Statement

You can make an if statement in this syntax

x = input() as int
if x > 5 {
    print("X is Greater than 5")
}
else if x < 5{
    print("X is less than 5")
}
else{
    print("X is equal to 5")
}
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Nested If

you can make nested if

x = input() as int
if x > 5{
    if x < 10{
        print("X is Greater than 5 and less than 10")
    }
    else{
        print("X is Greater than 10")
    }
}
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__

For Loop

Syntax

you can create a for loop statement like this

for i in (start, end, step){
    # Statements
}
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Or you can skip any element like this

for i in (, end, step){
    # Statements
}
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This will generate loop starting from 0

Or

for i in (start, , step){
    # Statements
}
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This will make an infinity loop as we didn't define end

Or

for i in (start, end, ){
    # Statements
}
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This will loop forever as we didn't increament the step counter

Examples 

for i in (0, 10, 1){
    print(i)
    print("\n")
}
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__

Break Statement

You can define break statement inside for loop statement like this

start = 0
end = 10
step = 1
for i in (start, end, step){
    if x > 5{
        break
    }
}
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Continue Statement

You can define continue statement inside for loop statement like this

start = 0
end = 10
step = 1
for i in (start, end, step){
    if x > 5{
        continue
    }
    print("Hello World\n")
}
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__

Byte Code

Introduction

This is the byte code instructions that will be generated if you want to compile the code into byte code.

EngineByteCode Instruction

This is the first instruction in the file

LINE:EngineByteCode:v0.1.0

  • LINE => is the current instruction line, it will start from 0
  • EngineByteCode => Instruction Type
  • v0.1.0 => Current version

Assign Instruction

This instruction is used to create new variable then assign it with value.

LINE:Assign:VariableType:"VariableName":VariableValue

  • LINE => is the current instruction line
  • Assign => is the instruction Type
  • VariableType => is the Variable type for ex: (bool, int, double, character, string)
  • "VariableName" => Variable Name with double quotes
  • VariableValue => The value for the variable for ex: (True, False, 5, 'H', "Hello")

Exampls 

5:Assign:bool:"variable_1":True
6:Assign:bool:"variable_2":False
7:Assign:int:"variable_3":5
8:Assign:double:"variable_4":5.2
9:Assign:char:"variable_5":'H'
10:Assign:string:"variable_6":"Hello, World!"
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Convert Instruction

This instruction is used to convert the value from type to another.

LINE:Convert:ConvertToType:"AsssignToVariableName":"FromVariableName"

  • LINE => is the current instruction line
  • Convert => Instruction Type
  • ConvertToType => This is the convert to type for ex: (bool, int, double, character, string)
  • "AsssignToVariableName" => Variable name which the converted value will be put in it.
  • "FromVariableName" => Variable name which will have the value which needs to be converted.

Examples 

5:Convert:bool:"Variable2":"Variable1"
6:Convert:double:"Variable3":"Variable4"
7:Convert:char:"Variable5":"Variable6"
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Operation Instruction

This is the operations instruction

LINE:Operation:OperationType:"AssignToVariableName":"LeftVariableName":"RightVariableName"

  • LINE => is the current instruction line
  • Operation => Instruction Type
  • OperationType => Operation Type ( Plus, Minus, Mul, Div, Mod, And, Or, GreaterThan, GreaterThanOrEqual, LessThan, LessThanOrEqual, Equal, NotEqual)
  • "AssignToVariableName" => The variable name which the final value will be assigned to it.
  • "LeftVariableName" => the first variable
  • "RightVariableName" => the second variable

Examples 

6:Operation:Plus:"Variable3":"Variable2":"Variable1"
7:Operation:And:"Variable5":"Variable4":"Variable3"
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Print Instruction

This is the print instruction

LINE:Print:"VariableName"

  • LINE => is the current instruction line
  • Print => Instruction Type
  • "VariableName" => The variable name to print

Examples 

5:Print:"Variable"
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Input Instruction

This is the input instruction.

LINE:Input:"VariableName"

  • LINE => is the current instruction line
  • Input => Instruction Type
  • "VariableName" => The variable name to put the input value in it.

Examples 

18:Input:"temp_stack1_variable_7"
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If Instruction

This is the if control flow instruction.

LINE:If:"VariableName":GoToLINE

  • LINE => is the current instruction line
  • If => Instruction Type
  • "VariableName" => Variable name to compare it's value, it's value will be True or False.
  • GoToLINE => The Instruction line to go to if the condition for if statement is False, ("VariableName" value is False)

Examples 

227:If:"temp_stack2_variable_108":234
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GoTo Instruction

This is the Go to instruction, which is used to just go for another line.

LINE:GoTo:GoToLine

  • LINE => is the current instruction line
  • GoTo => Instruction Type
  • GoToLine => The line number to go to it.

Examples 

233:GoTo:246
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End Instruction

This is the last byte code instruction to be generated

LINE:End:

  • LINE => is the current instruction line
  • End => Instruction Type

Examples 

130:End:
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Conclusion & Contributing

  • Engine is still under development, but i hope to release it in this year.
  • So if you want to coontribute, please do not hesitate to do that. you don't need to know rust to contribute, there are many ways to contribute like improving syntax, improving docs, etc...
  • Engine language Repo
  • You can DM Me at abdoaslam000@gmail.com or at LinkedIn

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