TS1193: An export declaration cannot have modifiers
TypeScript is a powerful programming language that serves as a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, meaning that it builds upon JavaScript by adding optional static typing. Types (which are essential classifiers for data in programming) help developers avoid many runtime errors by catching mistakes during development. For instance, a variable can be explicitly defined as a string
type, ensuring that only string values can be assigned to it.
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What are Types?
In TypeScript, types define the shape and behavior of data structures. They can describe primitive values like string
, number
, and boolean
, or complex values like objects and arrays. By defining explicit types, TypeScript enables developers to understand what kind of data is expected, leading to better code readability and maintenance.
TS1193: An export declaration cannot have modifiers
The error code TS1193: An export declaration cannot have modifiers occurs when you attempt to use access modifiers (like public
, private
, or protected
) or other TypeScript language modifiers (like readonly
) with an export declaration. The goal of this restriction is to maintain a clear distinction between access control at the class or interface level and how data is made available through export declarations.
Let’s look at some examples to illustrate this:
Example that Causes TS1193 Error
Here’s a common case that triggers this error:
export private class User {
constructor(public name: string) {}
}
In this example, we are trying to export a class with a private
modifier. However, this violates the rule because the export
keyword cannot coexist with access modifiers like private
.
How to Fix TS1193 Error
To fix the issue, you can either remove the access modifier from the export declaration:
class User {
constructor(public name: string) {}
}
export { User };
Alternatively, you can simultaneously declare the class with the export
keyword in a way that does not use modifiers:
export class User {
constructor(public name: string) {}
}
Important to Know!
- You cannot use
export
with any access modifier such aspublic
,private
, orprotected
. - Ensure that when you declare a class or interface for export, it has to be exported in a way that does not conflict with these modifiers.
FAQ's
Q: What does it mean when it says an export declaration cannot have modifiers?
A: It means you cannot use access control modifiers along with the export
keyword. The export
keyword needs to be freely applied without modifiers that control access.
Q: How can I export types and interfaces?
A: You simply define your type or interface and use the export
keyword directly in front of its declaration.
export interface User {
name: string;
}
Important Things to Know
- Always review your export declarations for any modifiers if you encounter TS1193.
- Use the TypeScript documentation for further clarity on access modifiers and export rules.
By understanding the rules surrounding export declarations in TypeScript, you can effectively avoid errors like TS1193: An export declaration cannot have modifiers. Remember to structure your code correctly by separating export statements from access modifiers to ensure smooth development processes.
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