Basic JavaScript Functions.

js-function-fun

A list of small & fun functional programming exercises in JavaScript.

Testing

To test the functions:

1. Run npm install to install the dependencies (need node.js for npm).
2. Change filename in test/tests.js to the name of your solution file.
3. Make sure your solution file is in the Solutions folder.
4. Make sure your function names match the ones listed below as you're coding them.
5. Finally, npm run test to run the tests.

Functions

identity(x) ⇒ any

Write a function identity that
takes an argument and returns
that argument

Param	Type
x	any

Example

identity(3) // 3

addb(a, b) ⇒ number

Write a binary function addb
that takes two numbers and returns
their sum

Param	Type
a	number
b	number

Example

addb(3, 4) // 3 + 4 = 7

subb(a, b) ⇒ number

Write a binary function subb
that takes two numbers and returns
their difference

Param	Type
a	number
b	number

Example

subb(3, 4) // 3 - 4 = -1

mulb(a, b) ⇒ number

Write a binary function mulb
that takes two numbers and returns
their product

Param	Type
a	number
b	number

Example

mulb(3, 4) // 3 * 4 = 12

minb(a, b) ⇒ number

Write a binary function minb
that takes two numbers and returns
the smaller one

Param	Type
a	number
b	number

Example

minb(3, 4) // 3

maxb(a, b) ⇒ number

Write a binary function maxb
that takes two numbers and returns
the larger one

Param	Type
a	number
b	number

Example

maxb(3, 4) // 4

add(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function add that
is generalized for any
amount of arguments

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

add(1, 2, 4) // 1 + 2 + 4 = 7

sub(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function sub that
is generalized for any
amount of arguments

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

sub(1, 2, 4) // 1 - 2 - 4 = -5

mul(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function mul that
is generalized for any
amount of arguments

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

mul(1, 2, 4) // 1 * 2 * 4 = 8

min(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function min that
is generalized for any
amount of arguments

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

min(1, 2, 4) // 1

max(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function max that
is generalized for any
amount of arguments

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

max(1, 2, 4) // 4

addRecurse(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function addRecurse that
is the generalized add function
but uses recursion

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

addRecurse(1, 2, 4) // 1 + 2 + 4 = 7

mulRecurse(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function mulRecurse that
is the generalized mul function
but uses recursion

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

mulRecurse(1, 2, 4) // 1 * 2 * 4 = 8

minRecurse(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function minRecurse that
is the generalized min function
but uses recursion

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

minRecurse(1, 2, 4) // 1

maxRecurse(...nums) ⇒ number

Write a function maxRecurse that
is the generalized max function
but uses recursion

Param	Type
...nums	number

Example

maxRecurse(1, 2, 4) // 4

not(func) ⇒ function

Write a function not that
takes a function and returns
the negation of its result

Param	Type
func	function

Example

const isOdd = (x) => x % 2 === 1
const isEven = not(isOdd)
isEven(1) // false
isEven(2) // true

acc(func, initial) ⇒ function

Write a function acc that
takes a function and an
initial value and returns
a function that runs the
initial function on each
argument, accumulating the
result

Param	Type
func	function
initial	any

Example

let add = acc(addb, 0)
add(1, 2, 4) // 7

let mul = acc(mulb, 1)
mul(1, 2, 4) // 8

accPartial(func, start, end) ⇒ function

Write a function accPartial that
takes in a function, a start index,
and an end index, and returns a
function that accumulates a subset
of its arguments by applying the
given function to all elements
between start and end.

Param	Type
func	function
start	number
end	number

Example

const addSecondToThird = accPartial(add, 1, 3)
addSecondToThird(1, 2, 4, 8) // [ 1, 6, 8 ]

accRecurse(func, initial) ⇒ function

Write a function accRecurse that
does what acc does but uses recursion

Param	Type
func	function
initial	number

Example

let add = accRecurse(addb, 0)
add(1, 2, 4) // 7

let mul = accRecurse(mulb, 1)
mul(1, 2, 4) // 8

fill(num) ⇒ array

Write a function fill that
takes a number and returns
an array with that many
numbers equal to the given
number

Param	Type
num	number

Example

fill(3) // [ 3, 3, 3 ]

fillRecurse(num) ⇒ array

Write a function fillRecurse that
does what fill does but uses recursion

Param	Type
num	number

Example

fillRecurse(3) // [ 3, 3, 3 ]

set(...args) ⇒ array

Write a function set that
is given a list of arguments
and returns an array with
all duplicates removed

Param	Type
...args	any

Example

let oneAndTwo = set(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2) // [ 1, 2 ]

identityf(x) ⇒ function

Write a function identityf
that takes an argument and
returns a function that
returns that argument

Param	Type
x	any

Example

let three = identityf(3)
three() // 3

addf(a) ⇒ function

Write a function addf that
adds from two invocations

Param	Type
a	number

Example

addf(3)(4) // 7

liftf(binary) ⇒ function

Write a function liftf that
takes a binary function, and
makes it callable with two
invocations

Param	Type
binary	function

Example

let addf = liftf(addb)
addf(3)(4) // 7

liftf(mulb)(5)(6) // 30

pure(x, y) ⇒ array

Write a pure function pure that
is a wrapper arround the impure
function impure

function impure(x) {
  y++;
  z = x * y;
}

var y = 5, z;

impure(20);
z; // 120

impure(25);
z; // 175

Returns: array - an array containing y and z

Param	Type
x	number
y	number

Example

pure(20, 5) // [ 6, 120 ]
pure(25, 6) // [ 7, 175 ]

curryb(binary, a) ⇒ function

Write a function curryb that
takes a binary function and
an argument, and returns a
function that can take a
second argument

Param	Type
binary	function
a	any

Example

let add3 = curryb(addb, 3)
add3(4) // 7

curryb(mulb, 5)(6) // 30

curry(func, ...outer) ⇒ function

Write a function curry that
is generalized for any amount
of arguments

Param	Type
func	function
...outer	any

Example

curry(add, 1, 2, 4)(4, 2, 1) = 1 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 14
curry(sub, 1, 2, 4)(4, 2, 1) = 1 - 2 - 4 - 4 - 2 - 1 = -12
curry(mul, 1, 2, 4)(4, 2, 1) = 1 * 2 * 4 * 4 * 2 * 1 = 64

inc(x) ⇒ number

Without writting any new functions,
show multiple ways to create the inc
function

Param	Type
x	number

Example

inc(5) // 6
inc(inc(5)) // 7

twiceUnary(binary) ⇒ function

Write a function twiceUnary
that takes a binary function
and returns a unary function
that passes its argument to
the binary function twice

Param	Type
binary	function

Example

let doubl = twiceUnary(addb)
doubl(11) // 22

let square = twiceUnary(mulb)
square(11) // 121

doubl(x) ⇒ number

Use the function twiceUnary to
create the doubl function

Param	Type
x	number

Example

doubl(11) // 22

square(x) ⇒ number

Use the function twiceUnary to
create the square function

Param	Type
x	number

Example

square(11) // 121

twice(x) ⇒ any

Write a function twice that
is generalized for any amount
of arguments

Param	Type
x	function

Example

let doubleSum = twice(add)
doubleSum(1, 2, 4) // 1 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 4 = 14

reverseb(binary) ⇒ function

Write a function reverseb that
reverses the arguments of a
binary function

Param	Type
binary	function

Example

let bus = reverseb(subb)
bus(3, 2) // -1

reverse(func) ⇒ function

Write a function reverse that
is generalized for any amount
of arguments

Param	Type
func	function

Example

reverse(sub)(1, 2, 4) // 4 - 2 - 1 = 1

composeuTwo(unary1, unary2) ⇒ function

Write a function composeuTwo that
takes two unary functions and
returns a unary function that
calls them both

Param	Type
unary1	function
unary2	function

Example

composeuTwo(doubl, square)(5) // 100

composeu(...funcs) ⇒ any

Write a function composeu that
is generalized for any amount
of arguments

Param	Type
...funcs	function

Example

composeu(doubl, square, identity, curry(add, 1, 2))(5) // (5 + 5) * (5 + 5) + 1 + 2 = 103

composeb(binary1, binary2) ⇒ function

Write a function composeb that
takes two binary functions and
returns a function that calls
them both

Param	Type
binary1	function
binary2	function

Example

composeb(addb, mulb)(2, 3, 7) // 35

composeTwo(func1, func2) ⇒ function

Write a function composeTwo that
takes two functions and returns a
function that calls them both

Param	Type
func1	function
func2	function

Example

composeTwo(add, square)(2, 3, 7) // (2 + 3 + 7)^2 = 144

compose(...funcs) ⇒ function

Write a function compose that
takes any amount of functions
and returns a function that takes
any amount of arguments and gives
them to the first function, then
that result to the second function
and so on

Param	Type
...funcs	function

Example

const f = compose(add, doubl, fill, max)
f(0, 1, 2)
// add(0, 1, 2) -> 3
// doubl(3) -> 6
// fill(6) -> [ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
// max([ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]) -> 6

limitb(binary, lmt) ⇒ function

Write a function limitb
that allows a binary function
to be called a limited number
of times

Param	Type
binary	function
lmt	number

Example

let addLmtb = limitb(addb, 1)
addLmtb(3, 4) // 7
addLmtb(3, 5) // undefined

limit(func, lmt) ⇒ function

Write a function limit that
is generalized for any amount
of arguments

Param	Type
func	function
lmt	number

Example

let addLmt = limit(add, 1)
addLmt(1, 2, 4) // 7
addLmt(3, 5, 9, 2) // undefined

genFrom(x) ⇒ function

Write a function genFrom that
produces a generator that will
produces a series of values

Param	Type
x	number

Example

let index = genFrom(0)

index.next().value // 0
index.next().value // 1
index.next().value // 2

genTo(gen, lmt) ⇒ function

Write a function genTo that
takes a generator and an end
limit, and returns a generator
that will produce numbers up
to that limit

Param	Type
gen	function
lmt	number

Example

let index = genTo(genFrom(1), 3)

index() // 1
index() // 2
index() // undefined

genFromTo(start, end) ⇒ function

Write a function genFromTo that
produces a generator that will
produce values in a range

Param	Type
start	number
end	number

Example

let index = genFromTo(0, 3)
index() // 0
index() // 1
index() // 2
index() // undefined

elementGen(array, gen) ⇒ function

Write a function elementGen that
takes an array and a generator
and returns a generator that will
produce elements from the array

Param	Type
array	array
gen	function

Example

let ele = elementGen(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], genFromTo(1, 3))

ele() // 'b'
ele() // 'c'
ele() // undefined

element(array, gen) ⇒ function

Write a function element that is a
modified elementGen function so that
the generator argument is optional.
If a generator is not provided, then
each of the elements of the array
will be produced.

Param	Type
array	array
gen	function

Example

let ele = element(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])

ele() // 'a'
ele() // 'b'
ele() // 'c'
ele() // 'd'
ele() // undefined

collect(gen, array) ⇒ function

Write a function collect that takes a
generator and an array and produces
a function that will collect the results
in the array

Param	Type
gen	function
array	array

Example

let array = []
let col = collect(genFromTo(0, 2), array)

col() // 0
col() // 1
col() // undefined
array // [0, 1]

filter(gen, predicate) ⇒ function

Write a function filter that takes a
generator and a predicate and produces
a generator that produces only the
values approved by the predicate

Param	Type
gen	function
predicate	function

Example

let fil = filter(genFromTo(0, 5), (val) => val % 3 === 0)

fil() // 0
fil() // 3
fil() // undefined

filterTail(gen, predicate) ⇒ function

Write a function filterTail that uses
tail-recursion to perform the filtering

Param	Type
gen	function
predicate	function

Example

let third = (val) => val % 3 === 0
let fil = filterTail(genFromTo(0, 5), third)

fil() // 0
fil() // 3
fil() // undefined

concatTwo(gen1, gen2) ⇒ function

Write a function concatTwo that takes
two generators and produces a generator
that combines the sequences

Param	Type
gen1	function
gen2	function

Example

let con = concatTwo(genFromTo(0, 3), genFromTo(0, 2))
con() // 0
con() // 1
con() // 2
con() // 0
con() // 1
con() // undefined

concat(...gens) ⇒ function

Write a function concat that
is generalized for any amount
of arguments

Param	Type
...gens	function

Example

let con = concat(genFromTo(0, 3), genFromTo(0, 2), genFromTo(5, 7))
con() // 0
con() // 1
con() // 2
con() // 0
con() // 1
col() // 5
col() // 6
con() // undefined

concatTail(...gens) ⇒ function

Write a function concatTail that uses
tail-recursion to perform the concating

Param	Type
...gens	function

Example

let con = concatTail(genFromTo(0, 3), genFromTo(0, 2), genFromTo(5, 7))
con() // 0
con() // 1
con() // 2
con() // 0
con() // 1
col() // 5
col() // 6
con() // undefined

gensymf(symbol) ⇒ function

Write a function gensymf that
makes a function that generates
unique symbols

Param	Type
symbol	string

Example

let genG = gensymf('G')
let genH = gensymf('H')

genG() // 'G1'
genH() // 'H1'
genG() // 'G2'
genH() // 'H2'

gensymff(unary, seed) ⇒ function

Write a function gensymff that
takes a unary function and a
seed and returns a gensymf

Param	Type
unary	function
seed	number

Example

let gensymf = gensymff(inc, 0)
let genG = gensymf('G')
let genH = gensymf('H')

genG() // 'G1'
genH() // 'H1'
genG() // 'G2'
genH() // 'H2'

fibonaccif(first, second) ⇒ function

Write a function fibonaccif that
returns a generator that will
return the next fibonacci number

Param	Type
first	number
second	number

Example

let fib = fibonaccif(0, 1)
fib() // 0
fib() // 1
fib() // 1
fib() // 2
fib() // 3
fib() // 5
fib() // 8

counter(i) ⇒ object

Write a function counter that
returns an object containing
two functions that implement
an up/down counter, hiding
the counter

Param	Type
i	number

Example

let obj = counter(10)
let { up, down } = obj

up() // 11
down() // 10
down() // 9
up() // 10

revocableb(binary) ⇒ object

Write a function revocableb
that takes a binary function, and
returns an object containing an
invoke function that can invoke a
function and a revoke function
that disables the invoke function

Param	Type
binary	function

Example

let rev = revocableb(addb)

rev.invoke(3, 4) // 7
rev.revoke()
rev.invoke(5, 7) // undefined

revocable(func) ⇒ object

Write a function revocable that
is generalized for any amount of
arguments

Param	Type
func	function

Example

let rev = revocable(add)

rev.invoke(3, 4) // 7
rev.revoke()
rev.invoke(5, 7) // undefined

extract(array, prop) ⇒ array

Write a function extract that
takes an array of objects and an
object property name and converts
each object in the array by
extracting that property

Param	Type
array	array
prop	string

Example

let people = [{ name: 'john' }, { name: 'bob' }]
let names = extract(people, 'name') // ['john', 'bob']

m(value, source) ⇒ object

Write a function m that
takes a value and an
optional source string
and returns them in an
object

Param	Type
value	any
source	any

Example

JSON.stringify(m(1)) // '{"value":1,"source":"1"}'

JSON.stringify(m(Math.PI, 'pi')) // '{"value":3.14159...,"source":"pi"}'

addmTwo(m1, m2) ⇒ object

Write a function addmTwo that
adds two m objects and
returns an m object

Param	Type
m1	function
m2	function

Example

JSON.stringify(addmTwo(m(3), m(4))) // '{"value":7,"source":"(3+4)"}'

JSON.stringify(addmTwo(m(1), m(Math.PI, 'pi'))) // '{"value":4.14159...,"source":"(1+pi)"}'

addm(...ms) ⇒ object

Write a function addm that
is generalized for any amount of
arguments

Param	Type
...ms	function

Example

JSON.stringify(addm(m(1), m(2), m(4))) // '{"value":7,"source":"(1+2+4)"}'

liftmbM(binary, op) ⇒ object

Write a function liftmbM that
takes a binary function and
a string and returns a function
that acts on m objects

Param	Type
binary	function
op	string

Example

let addmb = liftmbM(addb, '+')

JSON.stringify(addmb(m(3), m(4))) // '{"value":7,"source":"(3+4)"}'

JSON.stringify(liftmbM(mul, '*')(m(3), m(4))) // '{"value":12,"source":"(3*4)"}'

liftmb(binary, op) ⇒ object

Write a function liftmb that
is a modified function liftmbM
that can accept arguments that
are either numbers or m objects

Param	Type
binary	function
op	string

Example

let addmb = liftmb(addb, '+')

JSON.stringify(addmb(3, 4)) // '{"value":7,"source":"(3+4)"}'

liftm(func, op) ⇒ object

Write a function liftm that
is generalized for any amount of
arguments

Param	Type
func	function
op	string

Example

let addm = liftm(add, '+')

JSON.stringify(addm(m(3), m(4))) // '{"value":7,"source":"(3+4)"}'

JSON.stringify(liftm(mul, '*')(m(3), m(4))) // '{"value":12,"source":"(3*4)"}'

exp(value) ⇒ any

Write a function exp that
evaluates simple array
expressions

Param	Type
value	any

Example

let sae = [mul, 1, 2, 4]
exp(sae) // 1 * 2 * 4 = 8
exp(42) // 42

expn(value) ⇒ any

Write a function expn
that is a modified exp that
can evaluate nested array
expressions

Param	Type
value	any

Example

let nae = [Math.sqrt, [add, [square, 3], [square, 4]]]

expn(nae) // sqrt(((3*3)+(4*4))) === 5

addg(value) ⇒ number | undefined

Write a function addg that
adds from many invocations,
until it sees an empty
invocation

Param	Type
value	number

Example

addg() // undefined
addg(2)() // 2
addg(2)(7)() // 9
addg(3)(0)(4)() // 7
addg(1)(2)(4)(8)() // 15

liftg(binary) ⇒ function

Write a function liftg that
will take a binary function
and apply it to many invocations

Param	Type
binary	function

Example

liftg(mulb)() // undefined
liftg(mulb)(3)() // 3
liftg(mulb)(3)(0)(4)() // 0
liftg(mulb)(1)(2)(4)(8)() // 64

arrayg(value) ⇒ array

Write a function arrayg that
will build an array from many
invocations

Param	Type
value	any

Example

arrayg() // []
arrayg(3)() // [3]
arrayg(3)(4)(5)() // [3, 4, 5]

continuizeu(unary) ⇒ function

Write a function continuizeu
that takes a unary function
and returns a function that
takes a callback and an
argument

Param	Type
unary	function

Example

sqrtc = continuizeu(Math.sqrt)
sqrtc(console.log, 81) // logs '9'

continuize(any) ⇒ function

Write a function continuize
that takes a function and
returns a function that
takes a callback and an
argument

Param	Type
any	function

Example

mullc = continuize(Math.mul)
mulc(console.log, 81, 4, 2) // logs '648'

vector()

Make an array wrapper object
with methods get, store,
and append, such that an
attacker cannot get access
to the private array

Example

let v = vector()
v.append(7)
v.store(1, 8)
v.get(0) // 7
v.get(1) // 8

exploitVector()

Let's assume your vector
implementation looks like
something like this:

vector = () => {
  let array = [];
  return {
    append: (v) => array.push(v),
    get: (i) => array[i],
    store: (i, v) => array[i] = v
  };
}

Can you spot any security concerns with
this approach? Mainly, can we get access
to the array outside of vector?
Note*: the issue has nothing to do with
prototypes and we can assume that global
prototypes cannot be altered.
Hint*: Think about using this in a
method invocation. Can we override a
method of vector?

Example

let v = vector()
v.append(1)
v.append(2)
let internalData = exploitVector(v) // [1, 2]

vectorSafe()

How would you rewrite vector to deal
with the issue from above?

Example

let v = vectorSafe()
v.append(1)
v.append(2)
let internalData = exploitVector(v) // undefined

pubsub()

Make a function pubsub that
makes a publish/subscribe object.
It will reliably deliver all
publications to all subscribers
in the right order.

Example

let ps = pubsub()
ps.subscribe(log)
ps.publish('It works!') // log('It works!')

mapRecurse(array, predicate) ⇒ array

Make a function mapRecurse that
performs a transformation for each
element of a given array, recursively

Param	Type
array	array
predicate	function

Example

mapRecurse([1, 2, 3, 4], (x) => x * 2) // [ 2, 4, 6, 8 ]

filterRecurse(array, predicate) ⇒ array

Make a function filterRecurse that
takes in an array and a predicate
function and returns a new array by
filtering out all items using the
predicate, recursively.

Param	Type
array	array
predicate	function

Example

filterRecurse([1, 2, 3, 4], (x) => x % 2 === 0) // [ 2, 4 ]