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Aung Ko Ko
Aung Ko Ko

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Diagnostics 101: The Art of Systematic Troubleshooting

#microsoft #diagnostics #troubleshooting

A good troubleshooter is only as effective as the tools they use. Windows comes with powerful diagnostic utilities that most people overlook, and a few well‑chosen external tools can make the difference between guessing and knowing. In this post, I’ll walk through the essential toolkit for systematic diagnostics.

🖥️ Built‑in Windows Tools

  1. Event Viewer
  2. Logs system and application events.
  3. Look for recurring warnings or errors around the time of a crash.
  4. Tip: Filter by “Critical” to spot serious issues quickly.
  5. Reliability Monitor
  6. Visual timeline of system stability.
  7. Shows when updates, drivers, or apps caused failures.
  8. Great for spotting patterns over weeks or months.
  9. Task Manager
  10. Real‑time view of CPU, memory, disk, and network usage.
  11. Identify resource hogs or runaway processes.
  12. Tip: Use the “Startup” tab to disable unnecessary boot programs.
  13. Resource Monitor
  14. More detailed than Task Manager.
  15. Breaks down disk and network activity per process.
  16. Perfect for tracking bottlenecks.
  17. Windows Memory Diagnostic
  18. Tests RAM for errors.
  19. Run when you suspect hardware instability.

⚡ Command‑Line & PowerShell

  • sfc /scannow → Scans and repairs system files.
  • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth → Repairs Windows image corruption.
  • Get-EventLog (PowerShell) → Pulls logs programmatically for deeper analysis. These commands are lifesavers when the GUI tools don’t reveal enough.

🛠️ Trusted External Tools

  • CrystalDiskInfo → Monitors hard drive health (SMART data).
  • HWMonitor → Tracks temperatures and voltages.
  • Process Explorer (Sysinternals) → Advanced process analysis beyond Task Manager.
  • BlueScreenView → Decodes crash dump files for BSOD analysis.

📒 How to Use Them Together

  • Start with Event Viewer or Reliability Monitor to spot the timeline.
  • Use Task Manager/Resource Monitor to check real‑time behavior.
  • Run command‑line scans to repair system integrity.
  • Confirm hardware health with external tools.

🎯 Key Takeaway
Diagnostics isn’t about having one magic tool. It’s about knowing which tool to use at the right stage of investigation. Master these, and you’ll move from guessing to evidence‑based troubleshooting.

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