Defining Instructional Science in eLearning
Instructional science is the systematic, research-backed study of how people learn and how to design environments, materials, and experiences that optimize that learning. Unlike general teaching intuition, instructional science draws heavily from cognitive psychology, educational research, neuroscience, and human-computer interaction to build scientifically validated eLearning curriculam
Core Pillars of Instructional Science
Effective digital course design relies on established cognitive and psychological principles:
• Cognitive Load Theory (CLT): Developed by John Sweller, CLT states that human working memory has strict limits. Instructional scientists design eLearning modules to minimize extraneous load (confusing layouts or distracting animations), manage intrinsic load (complexity of the topic), and maximize germane load (schema building and deep understanding).
• Mayer’s Principles of Multimedia Learning: Richard Mayer identified principles such as:
o Coherence Principle: Removing extra, non-essential words, sounds, and videos.
o Signaling Principle: Using visual cues (arrows, highlights) to direct learner attention.
o Multimedia Principle: Using words and graphics together rather than words alone.
• Active Learning and Interactivity: Science shows that passive reading or watching leads to low retention. Instructional science emphasizes frequent interactive elements, self-checks, and problem-solving scenarios to foster active neural processing.
Applying Instructional Science to LMS and Course Design
When building a modern eLearning module, apply these science-based strategies:
Chunking Information: Break massive blocks of text into bite-sized screens or modules to prevent cognitive overload.
Spaced Practice & Retrieval: Design automated LMS notification systems or microlearning quizzes that prompt learners to recall information days and weeks after initial instruction.
Formative Feedback: Provide immediate, constructive feedback on practice activities so learners can correct misconceptions in real-time.
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