CompactU16 is a format inspired by Variable-length quantity (VLQ) and is used, for example, in Solana blockchain.
Its aim is to use less space for low values (until 127 inclusive). Which is fairly enough for an array of addresses or transaction instructions in a blockchain.
CompactU16 Rust source code:
https://docs.rs/crate/solana-compact-u16/0.1.0/source/src/lib.rs#10
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