Anterior Poor Cool Dislocation: Statement involving 3 Instances along with Review of Novels.

Filarial glomerular disease has been attributed to circulating immune complex deposition. We report here a rare manifestation of filarial nephropathy with microfilariae documented in glomerular capillaries in addition to immune complex glomerulonephritis, thus suggesting that direct toxicity may also contribute to the pathogenesis of this entity.IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is reported to be more common in Asians and is considered to be a very progressive disease with worse outcome. The present study encompasses a cohort of biopsy-proven IgAN in a tertiary care hospital to characterize the initial clinical presentation, Oxford classification profile and one year follow up of patients with clinical and biochemical investigations. All renal biopsies with a diagnosis of primary IgAN were included. In all biopsies with ≥8 viable glomeruli, the MEST-C scores were analyzed, according to the Oxford criteria. Demographic and clinical data included age, gender, presence of hypertension, presence of hematuria and edema. Baseline investigations include urine protein semiquantitative, spot urine protein creatinine ratio, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and serum albumin. All the details of the use of antiproteinuric drugs and immunosuppressive drugs were recorded. Total 48 renal biopsies (21.62%) were diagnosed as primary IgAN. Thirty-seven (77.08%) had renal dysfunction on initial presentation out of which 31 (64.5%) patients had subnephrotic range proteinuria (SNRP). MEST-C lesions distribution were interpreted in 39 patients. click here 42.85% of patients with nephrotic range proteinuria (NRP) and 55.55% of patients with SNRP had renal deterioration during follow up period while 28.57% patients with NRP and 41.66% patients with SNRP had reached end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Our study population of IgAN has a unique clinical profile with hypertension, microscopic hematuria and subnephrotic proteinuria as the predominant clinical presentation. In spite of low MEST-C score in our study cohort, the disease has an aggressive course with 47.91% of patients with renal function deterioration and about one third follow up patients approaching ESRD during the study period.Amyloidosis is a complex multi-system disorder characterized by deposition of an aberrant protein in tissues with kidney being the main target organ. The age of presentation of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is highest among adults aged 60-80 years followed by 45-55 years. However, presentation in younger age group is rare. We aimed to study the clinicopathological spectrum of patients with biopsy-proven renal AA amyloidosis aged less then 35 years in the last five years. This retrospective study was done on patients admitted from January 2015 to December 2019. Nine cases of AA amyloidosis diagnosed on kidney biopsy in ≤35 years of age were included in the study. Clinical, laboratory, and demographic data of all patients were obtained. Histopathological and direct immunofluorescence findings were further evaluated. The mean age (±standard deviation) was 22.5 ± 6.7 years with a range of 14-32 years. The most common underlying disorder of AA renal amyloidosis was Tuberculosis (TB) (88.88%, 8/9) with cyclosporine induced in one of the cases (11.11%). In all nine cases, glomeruli were mostly enlarged with moderate to marked mesangial expansion with thickened arteries and arterioles due to deposition of pink hyaline acellular material. Renal amyloidosis is rare in young age and is mostly secondary in nature. The association of TB with renal amyloidosis is common in adults (3.6%-50%), but only infrequently reported in children. It is important, especially in developing countries to be aware, as successful treatment of TB can result in remission of nephrotic syndrome due to secondary renal amyloidosis.Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an uncommon cause of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Our study aimed to determine the clinicopathologic features of primary MN in children and their association with short-term outcome. This observational study was conducted from January 2009 to June 2017 at the Pediatric Nephrology Department. A total of 50 children were diagnosed with primary MN. Their clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings on renal biopsy were recorded. The minimum follow-up was for six months. Clinicopathologic features were correlated with the outcome at the last follow-up. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software version 20.0. The mean age at onset was 10.92 ± 3.08 years (range 4-17 years). The male-to-female ratio was 31. The serum albumin of ≤2.5 g/dL was seen in 40 patients (80%), hypertension was present in 38 (76%), and heavy proteinuria was seen in 32 children (70%). The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at presentation was 178.71 ± 0.78 mL/min/1.73 m2. At the initial visit, nine children (18.4%) were in chronic kidney disease stage 2 and one (2%) in stage 4. Phospholipase A2 receptor antibody was present in five (15%) of 32 children tested. At the last follow-up (28 interquartile range 25.5 months), 11 children (26%) were in complete remission and 25 (66%) had achieved partial remission. The mean eGFR had reduced to 145.84 ± 78.05 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with normal initial eGFR were more likely to go into remission (P = 0.001). The short-term outcome of childhood primary MN is relatively good in our setup. A multicenter collaborative study is required to determine prognostic factors and to standardize treatment in this uncommon nephropathy.Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a rising paramount renal disease that varies in etiology from inherited or acquired factors. Its severity can range from asymptomatic depictions to end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to study the patterns of biopsy-proven GN based on the data from a multicenter in Abu Dhabi. Included kidney biopsies were from all patients above the age of 18 years, over a six-year period from 2010 to 2015, who had diagnosis of glomerular disease other than diabetes mellitus. The number of reviewed biopsies was 416. The most common type of GN among the study sample was IgA GN (22.8%) followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (20.4%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (19.7%). The least common types were pauciimmune (1.7%). There was female preponderance in lupus nephritis and pauciimmune GN. The nationality comparison did not reveal a predominate GN among Emirati nationals. The age relationship to GN types showed that majority (82.9%) of SLE patients, MCD (74.55%), and noncategorized (71.click here