Task 1

Manual Testing :

Before getting into Manual Testing ... lets quickly go through what is software testing?

Software Testing is a phase in Software Development life Cycle used to detect the errors in the application or software developed.

And Software Testing can be broadly classified into two:

Manual testing
Automation testing

Manual Testing is a type of software testing which is done by human. And this type of software testing consumes more time, and also there is chance of human errors.

Different types of manual testing are as follows:

White Box Testing
Black Box Testing
Gray Box Testing

White Box Testing
Once development activity is done and before converting the code into a working software, as a developer they have to check whether the code created is satisfying the client requirement or not.
For that they will conduct a code level testing called White Box Testing.
White Box Testing is also known as:
Glass box testing
Transparent testing
Unit testing

some white box testing types are as follows:

path testing : it checks all possible execution paths
loop testing : it checks the loops in the code works correctly ans efficiently
data flow testing : it tracks the flow in the code

Black Box Testing
It is done by the Tester. No coding knowledge is needed for this type of testing. Here the tester tests every module or functionality using the UI and not the code part.

It checks the software by pre-prepared test cases and if the the tester did not get the expected output then the tester will inform the developer team about the failure.

Types of black box testing:

Functional testing : Here the tester checks whether each function or module works as expected.
Non - Functional testing : it tests on the non functional features of the software such as performance, load, quality...
Regression testing: this type of testing is done when a new built is made or when any changes or updates is made to the software. it makes sure that the newly added code does not negatively effect the other working part of the software.

Gray Box Testing
It is a combination of both Black box and White box testing. Here the tester tests the software in both methods ... such as they will test it internally and also they will test the functionalities using test cases.

Boundary value analysis

Boundary value analysis is a test case design technique... so lets first understand what are test cases?

Test cases
Test cases are set of inputs along with their expected output used to verify whether a system works correctly.

Now, Boundary value analysis is a test case design technique that is used to check the input at the boundary limits.

ie, it checks at :

n-1 , n and n+1

for example:
consider our lower bound is 10 and upper bound is 100.

so the boundary value analysis tests the following inputs:
9 , 10 , 11

and

99 , 100 , 101

Decision table testing
It tests the system with multiple conditions and their corresponding actions.

The decision table gives a tabular view of actions based on different combinations of inputs.

The Future of manual testing in the age of AI:

The rise of AI helps in making the tasks of human easy.. like repetitive tasks can be automated , AI can do works using prior trained experience etc..

But AI can't fully replace human intuition, creativity .. like manual testers can: