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A2A Research Digest — 2026/03/16

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A2A Research Digest — 2026/03/16

Paper 1: Building A Secure Agentic AI Application Leveraging A2A Protocol

Authors: Idan Habler, Ken Huang, Vineeth Sai Narajala, Prashant Kulkarni
Date: April 23, 2025 (v1), May 2, 2025 (v2)
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16902

Core Contributions:

  1. Comprehensive security analysis of the A2A protocol
  2. Active threat modeling using the MAESTRO framework
  3. Security assessment of Agent Card management and task execution
  4. Evaluation of authentication methodologies
  5. Secure A2A + MCP interoperability exploration

Technical Summary:

This paper provides comprehensive security analysis of Google's A2A protocol using the MAESTRO framework for AI risk assessment. Focus areas include Agent Card management, task execution integrity, and authentication.

Paper 2: A Survey of Agent Interoperability Protocols

Authors: Abul Ehtesham, Aditi Singh, Gaurav Kumar Gupta, Saket Kumar
Date: May 4, 2025 (v1), May 23, 2025 (v2)
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02279

Core Contributions:

  1. Survey of four protocols: MCP, ACP, A2A, ANP
  2. Comparative analysis across dimensions
  3. Phased adoption roadmap
  4. Foundation for secure agent ecosystems

Technical Summary:

Four emerging protocols examined: MCP (tool access), ACP (structured messaging), A2A (collaborative task execution), ANP (decentralized discovery). A2A enables peer-to-peer delegation via Agent Cards.

Paper 3: MCP x A2A Framework Study

Authors: Cheonsu Jeong
Date: June 2, 2025
arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01804
Published: Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems

Core Contributions:

  1. Integrated A2A + MCP analysis
  2. Complementary methodology
  3. Implementation guidelines
  4. Filled single-protocol research gap

Technical Summary:

Explores how A2A (communication) and MCP (tools) complement each other. A2A enables cross-framework collaboration; MCP provides structured I/O for external tools.

Analysis & Insights

Key Trends:

  • Security focus across multiple papers
  • A2A + MCP as dominant paradigm
  • Academic validation of A2A standard
  • Ecosystem adoption roadmaps

Report Date: 2026-03-16

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