Browser URL Input
When you type a URL into a browser, it starts a series of events that ultimately lead to the display of the requested webpage. The browser's address bar is where you enter the URL. More Info
Domain Name System (DNS)
The first step in loading a webpage is to translate the domain name into an IP address using the Domain Name System (DNS). This process is called DNS resolution. More Info
Page Load
The final step is the page load event, which is triggered when the webpage has finished loading. This event can be used to execute additional JavaScript code or perform other tasks. More Info
IP Addressing
IP addressing is a critical component of the TCP/IP protocol. It provides a unique address for each device on a network, allowing devices to communicate with each other. More Info
TCP Congestion Control
TCP congestion control is a mechanism used to prevent network congestion by controlling the amount of data that is sent over a network. More Info
UDP vs TCP
UDP and TCP are two protocols used for data transmission over the internet. UDP is a connectionless protocol, while TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. More Info
Network Layer
The network layer is responsible for routing data between devices on a network. It uses IP addresses to route data and ensures that data is delivered to the correct device. More Info
Transport Layer
The transport layer is responsible for providing reliable data transfer between devices on a network. It uses protocols such as TCP and UDP to ensure that data is delivered correctly. More Info
Application Layer
The application layer is the topmost layer of the TCP/IP protocol. It provides services to end-user applications, such as email and file transfer. More Info
Node.js
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment that allows developers to run JavaScript on the server-side, making it a popular choice for server processing. More Info
Apache HTTP Server
The Apache HTTP Server is a widely-used open-source server software that can handle a variety of server processing tasks, including serving web pages and handling requests. More Info
Server-Side Rendering
Server-side rendering is a technique where the server generates the HTML of a web page on each request, rather than relying on client-side JavaScript. More Info
TCP/IP Protocol
Once the IP address is obtained, the browser uses the TCP/IP protocol to establish a connection to the server. This involves a three-way handshake to establish the connection. More Info
Load Balancing
Load balancing is a technique used to distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers to improve responsiveness, reliability, and scalability. More Info
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a model of delivering computing services over the internet, where resources such as servers, storage, and applications can be provisioned and de-provisioned on-demand. More Info
CSS Selectors
CSS selectors are used to target specific HTML elements and apply styles to them. There are various types of selectors, including element selectors, class selectors, and ID selectors. More Info
Box Model
The box model is a fundamental concept in CSS that describes the structure of an HTML element as a rectangular box. It consists of the content area, padding, border, and margin. More Info
Flexbox
Flexbox is a layout mode in CSS that allows for flexible and responsive layouts. It is used to create complex layouts with ease and is supported by most modern browsers. More Info
Grid System
The grid system is a two-dimensional layout system in CSS that allows for complex and responsive layouts. It is used to create grid-based layouts with ease and is supported by most modern browsers. More Info
Responsive Design
Responsive design is an approach to web design that involves creating layouts that adapt to different screen sizes and devices. It is used to create user-friendly and accessible interfaces. More Info
CSS Preprocessors
CSS preprocessors are tools that allow developers to write CSS code in a more efficient and modular way. Popular CSS preprocessors include Sass and Less. More Info
CSS Frameworks
CSS frameworks are pre-built sets of CSS classes and components that can be used to speed up the development process. Popular CSS frameworks include Bootstrap and Tailwind CSS. More Info
Slow-Start Algorithm
The Slow-Start algorithm is used to prevent a network from being overwhelmed with data. It starts with a small congestion window and gradually increases it as long as the acknowledgments are received. More Info
HTTP Request
After the connection is established, the browser sends an HTTP request to the server. This request includes the URL, HTTP method (e.g., GET, POST), and other headers. More Info
Congestion Avoidance Algorithm
The Congestion Avoidance algorithm is used to prevent network congestion by monitoring the network for signs of congestion and adjusting the congestion window accordingly. More Info
Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery
Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery are algorithms used to quickly recover from packet losses. When a packet loss is detected, the sender quickly retransmits the lost packet and adjusts the congestion window. More Info
TCP Hybla
TCP Hybla is a high-speed TCP variant designed for high-bandwidth, high-latency networks. It uses a more aggressive congestion control algorithm to achieve higher throughput. More Info
HTTP Protocol
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol used for transferring data over the web. More Info
DNS Protocol
The Domain Name System (DNS) is an application-layer protocol used for resolving domain names to IP addresses. More Info
FTP Protocol
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an application-layer protocol used for transferring files over a network. More Info
SMTP Protocol
The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an application-layer protocol used for sending and receiving email. More Info
Socket Programming
Socket programming is a way to establish communication between two devices in a network, using the application layer protocols. More Info
Type Selectors
Type selectors target elements based on their HTML tag name. For example, p would target all paragraph elements on a web page. More Info
Class Selectors
Class selectors target elements based on their class attribute. For example, .header would target all elements with a class of "header". More Info
Server Processing
The server receives the HTTP request and processes it. This may involve retrieving data from a database, executing server-side code, or simply returning a static file. More Info
ID Selectors
ID selectors target elements based on their ID attribute. For example, #header would target the element with an ID of "header". More Info
Attribute Selectors
Attribute selectors target elements based on the presence or value of a specific attribute. For example, [hreflang] would target all elements with a hreflang attribute. More Info
Pseudo-Classes
Pseudo-classes are used to target elements based on their state or position in the document. For example, :hover would target an element when it is hovered over. More Info
Combinators
Combinators are used to combine multiple selectors to target specific elements. For example, div > p would target all paragraph elements that are direct children of a div element. More Info
Specificity
Specificity is used to determine which styles to apply to an element when multiple selectors target the same element. More Info
HTTP Response
Once the server has processed the request, it sends an HTTP response back to the browser. This response includes the HTTP status code, headers, and the response body. More Info
Browser Rendering
The browser receives the HTTP response and begins rendering the webpage. This involves parsing the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and rendering the page to the screen. More Info
HTML Parsing
The browser's HTML parser is responsible for parsing the HTML document and creating a Document Object Model (DOM) representation of the page. More Info
CSS Styling
The browser's CSS engine is responsible for applying styles to the DOM elements. This involves parsing the CSS rules and applying them to the corresponding elements. More Info
JavaScript Execution
The browser's JavaScript engine is responsible for executing the JavaScript code. This involves parsing the code, executing it, and handling any errors that may occur. More Info
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