Anthropology of Hybrid Humanity: Transhumanism and AI

The text analyzes the anthropological dispute regarding the technological transformation of humans, contrasting the visions of transhumanism and posthumanism. Transhumanism is presented as a drive to optimize human abilities and break biological limitations in the spirit of Enlightenment self-improvement. Conversely, the posthumanist perspective suggests a co-evolution of humans with technology, leading to the creation of the so-called Fused Mind—a hybrid of biological embodiment and digital extension. The author draws attention to ethical threats related to the hierarchization of people based on their degree of enhancement and analyzes transhumanism as a form of secular faith that adopts religious questions about mortality and salvation, shifting them into the technological sphere. Overall, it raises the question of the boundaries of the person in the face of advancing cyborgization.