Civilization of Cooperation: From Hobbesian Fear to Dignity

The article defines a civilization of cooperation as a system that transforms interdependence into lasting norms and institutions, preventing violence. Using Singapore as an example, the author analyzes the evolution of social order: from Hobbesian fear and the need for strong authority to ensure security, through Humean convention based on limited altruism, to Smithian market exchange logic. The text emphasizes that cooperation does not require axiological unity or selflessness, but predictability and mechanisms that reduce transaction costs. The key conclusion is the recognition that a lasting system of collaboration between people with different interests is based on a combination of security, reputation, and a normative order that allows selfish motivations to be transformed into mutual benefits.