Climate as a limit to civilizational possibilities

The article analyzes climatic stability as an overarching condition enabling the functioning of all political and technological structures. The author emphasizes that unlike social systems, climate is based on the laws of physics and chemistry, which gives it budgetary characteristics—the sum of cumulative CO₂ emissions is key, not just current indicators. The text explains the mechanism of radiative forcing and the phenomenon of Earth system inertia, where the effects of warming (e.g., sea level rise) will be felt for centuries even after reaching net zero. The analysis also verifies the status of the 1.5°C goal, distinguishing single temperature records from multi-decadal averages, pointing to the critical emission situation and the need to understand the physical limits of growth.