Cyberspace and the Deterrence Crisis in the Age of Cognitive Warfare

This article provides a deep analysis of the transformation of national security in the digital age, where traditional models of deterrence are giving way to asymmetric conflicts. The author revisits groundbreaking events, such as the Stuxnet attack on Iranian nuclear facilities and the Edward Snowden leaks, which exposed the new nature of global competition. The article explores the concepts of cognitive warfare, disinformation, and left-of-launch strategies, pointing to the growing importance of sabotaging critical infrastructure and SCADA systems. This compendium examines how states like Russia, China, and Iran are redefining the concepts of sovereignty and attack in a world devoid of clear battle lines.