Difference is not a deficit: Biological foundations of sex

The article analyzes the dispute over the nature of sex, contrasting traditional biological determinism (Alpha error) with the complete denial of differences (Beta error). Drawing on the concepts of Steve Stewart-Williams, the author argues that differences between women and men are usually statistical and blurred in nature, meaning that the population average cannot be an instruction manual for a specific individual. The text emphasizes that recognizing biology is crucial, among other things, in medicine (e.g., when analyzing menopause), but should not serve to limit personal freedom. The solution is libertarian realism – a synthesis of accepting biological facts with full individual autonomy in shaping one's life, regardless of the statistical distributions of traits.