Fishkin's model in the Polish constitutional order

The article analyzes the possibility of introducing elements of deliberative democracy into the Polish constitutional system, based on James S. Fishkin's model. The author argues that Poland already possesses a legal framework (e.g., petitions, citizens' initiatives), but it lacks mechanisms that process the citizen's voice into considered systemic information. The proposed concept assumes the principle of 'supplementing rather than replacing,' where deliberative institutions, such as citizens' panels, would support legislative bodies in weighing reasons and analyzing social costs. The goal is to move from fragmentary participation to systemic representation based on balanced information and substantive dialogue, which would strengthen the agency of citizens without questioning the principle of representation.