Four Types of Capitalism and the Mechanisms of the Growth Machine

This text provides an in-depth structural analysis of contemporary economic systems, classifying them into four fundamental types: entrepreneurial capitalism, oligarchic capitalism, managed capitalism, and large-scale capitalism. The authors reconstruct the logic of the so-called growth machine, demonstrating that economic success is determined not only by ideology but primarily by the allocation of capital under conditions of radical uncertainty and the system's ability to protect innovation from erosion. The article discusses in detail the role of creative destruction, the impact of entry barriers on market dynamics, and the issue of rentiership. By comparing institutional models, the reader learns how the structure of rewards and symbolic capital shape the permeability of a system, determining its ability to generate sustainable development and adapt to changing market conditions.