Man as the designer of evolution: the ethics of transhumanism

The article analyzes the transition of humans from the role of observers of evolution to that of its active designers. The author points out that while civilization has always sought to transcend biological limitations (from writing to medicine), contemporary transhumanism introduces a qualitative change: a shift from external compensatory tools to direct interference in the genome and neuronal processes. A key issue becomes the distinction between therapy and enhancement. The text emphasizes the emancipatory paradox—the pursuit of freedom from biological determinism may lead to the modification of the very subject evaluating the value of these changes. In the face of technologies that alter identity and decision-making mechanisms, the traditional division between the natural and the artificial becomes inadequate.