Neurobiology of addiction and the ethics of memory modification

The text analyzes addiction as a dynamic reorganization of the brain's motivational and stress systems, rather than merely a pursuit of pleasure. Using Steve Ramirez's experiences, the author illustrates the discrepancy between the biological explanation of disorders (Koob, Volkow models) and the interpersonal process of recovery, in which relationships and social support play a key role. Allostasis mechanisms, the transition from positive to negative reward, and the phenomenon of hyperkatifeia are discussed. The article emphasizes that although neurotechnology allows for the manipulation of memory engrams, actual life change occurs through psychotherapy and bonds, raising significant questions about the limits of biological interventions in the process of overcoming addiction.