Noise as Measurement Error: From Psychology to Government Reform

This article explores the nature of noise—the invisible but costly measurement error that paralyzes the objectivity of modern institutions. Unlike systematic error, noise manifests itself as unjustified variability in judgments in situations where professionals should be interchangeable. The article explores Daniel Kahneman's theory, distinguishing between level, pattern, and opportunity noise. The authors argue that modern bureaucracies require the implementation of "decision hygiene" and noise audits to restore predictability and systemic fairness. Practical tools such as the proxy assessment protocol (MAP) and the role of algorithms in reducing human heuristics are discussed. This is essential reading for those seeking to reform government through assessment architecture, aimed at eliminating arbitrariness and improving the quality of decision-making processes.