Pluralism of values and modus vivendi in Poland and Europe

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Polish political and social scene through the lens of the philosophical concept of value pluralism. Drawing on the work of John Gray, the authors point to the incommensurability of goods as a source of constant tensions in areas such as the rule of law, abortion, and historical policy. The text criticizes attempts by successive ruling camps to impose uniform visions of the world, proposing instead a 'modus vivendi' model. This solution is based on building fragile yet functional compromises and decentralizing power, which allows for the coexistence of conflicting value systems. The analysis also encompasses the European context, examining the challenges to sovereignty and integration in the face of the axiological diversity of European Union member states, striving to develop stable mechanisms for conflict management.