Psychopathology models and John Hannan's concept

The text analyzes the evolution of psychiatric diagnostics, moving from rigid DSM/ICD categories toward dimensional and functional models. The author criticizes treating the names of disease entities as etiological explanations, pointing out the difference between the descriptive and causal functions of a diagnosis. Alternative approaches are presented, such as HiTOP, which organizes symptoms into hierarchical spectra (e.g., internalization), and RDoC, focusing on biological domains of functioning instead of ready-made diagnoses. The article emphasizes that contemporary psychiatry strives for a better understanding of patient heterogeneity and the dynamic human-environment system, moving away from the simplified 'chemical imbalance' model in favor of more complex adaptive and neurobiological mechanisms.