The crisis of technocracy and the architecture of perception according to da Empoli

The text analyzes the tension between procedural correctness and governing effectiveness, using Giuliano da Empoli's metaphor of the 'party of lawyers'. The author points to a divergence in three dimensions of legitimacy: input, output, and throughput. The crisis of technocracy results not only from a lack of effects but from citizens' feeling that procedures have become a ritual that does not translate into solving real social problems. Citing OECD data, the article emphasizes that trust in institutions depends on the balance between process reliability and the actual agency of citizens and the delivery of public goods; a lack of synergy here opens space for populist movements.