The Doughnut Economy: Social Foundations and Planetary Boundaries

This article explores Kate Raworth's revolutionary concept of Doughnut Economics, which redefines contemporary approaches to well-being. The author argues for the need to abandon the paradigm of endless GDP growth in favor of a balance between societal needs and the Earth's regenerative capacity. The text examines in detail two key rings of the model: the internal social foundation, based on equity and capacity theory, and the external ecological ceiling, defined by nine planetary boundaries. The reader will learn how a shift from a linear to a cyclical economy can provide a safe operating space for humanity. Practical applications of the model are also discussed, including in Amsterdam's development strategy, as well as the challenges of measuring well-being indicators in the Anthropocene, striving for biosphere stability and equitable resource redistribution.