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Objective To investigate the effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on inflammatory factors in human placental trophoblast (HTR-8/Svneo) cells. Methods HTR-8/Svneo cells were exposed to different concentrations of PFOS (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/L) for 24 h, and the cell survival rates were measured by CCK8. Secretion levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse the expressions of inflammatory factors. Results Compared with the control group, the survival rates of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups were significantly decreased (P less then 0.05) . Compared with the control group, the secretion levels of IL-6 were decreased in the 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P less then 0.05) , the concentrations of TNF-α were increased in the 0.01 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P less then 0.05) , and the concentrations of IL-10 were increased in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P less then 0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expressions of IL-6 mRNA were increased in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P less then 0.05) , and the expressions of IL-10 mRNA were decreased in the 0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P less then 0.05) . Conclusion PFOS can induce changes in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines in HTR-8/Svneo cells, resulting in decreased activity of placental trophoblast cells and abnomal placental function.Objective To investigate the clinical value of the first multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay on multiple genes, and combined with 9p21 and 8q24 evaluation in the differential diagnosis of melanoma. Methods Fifty-six melanomas and 36 benign melanocytic nevi diagnosed in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2017 to 2019 were included. Each specimen was examined by first multicolor FISH assay targeting 6p25 (RREB1), 6q23 (MYB), 11q13 (CCND1) and CEP6, as well as 9p21 (CDKN2A) and 8q24 (MYC). The results of FISH assay in all cases were recorded according to Gerami's criteria. Basing on the sensitivity and specificity of the first FISH assay, the refinement of diagnosis by adding combined 9p21 and 8q24 probes was further evaluated, as well as their association with different clinicopathological features. Results In 86 cases, the FISH signals were adequate for analysis. Of the 56 melanoma cases, 52 cases were adequate for analysis; 36 cases (69.2%) were positive in the first FISH assa ≤2.0 mm. Conclusion Multisite FISH analysis is a highly effective ancillary tool for the differentiation of unequivocal malignant from benign melanocytic lesions. By combining the first FISH assay with CDKN2A and MYC assay, the clinical utility of FISH analysis is further optimized in differential diagnosis of melanoma. Patients with Breslow thickness>2.0 mm, or acral-lentiginious melanoma and nodual melanoma subtypes tend to have higher FISH positivity. There remains a need to further explore the ancillary value of FISH analysis in diagnosis of ambiguous lesions.Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and molecular alterations of malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (MGNET). Methods Four cases of MGNET were collected at Fujian Provincial Hospital, from July 2013 to January 2019. H&E and immunohistochemical staining were retrospectively evaluated, together with genetic mutation analysis of EWSR1. The relevant literature was systematically reviewed. Results There were two male and two female patients, with an age range of 34-81 (median 57) years. Tumor sizes ranged from 5-9 (median 6.8) cm. Microscopy showed diffuse and flaky growth of tumor cells, some of which were small and round. The tumor cells were arranged in solid, flaky, nested or pseudoadenoid patterns. The tumor cells were epithelioid, oval, short spindled, or small, with round or oval nuclei. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic or clear. Osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells were scattered focally. Mitosis was about (2-10)/10 HPF. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein (4/4), SOX10 (4/4), Syn (2/4), INI1 (4/4), H3K27Me3 (4/4) and vimentin (4/4). Ki-67 index was 15%-90%. Gene mutation detection confirmed EWSR1 mutation in all four cases, and C-KIT/PDGFRα genes were not mutated in two cases. Conclusions MGNET is a rare high grade malignant soft tissue tumor. The diagnosis is based on clinicopathological, immunophenotypic, and molecular pathology features. The primary treatment for MGNET is complete surgical excision and chemotherapy; the prognosis is poor.Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, genetic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAIS). Methods Three cases of PAIS were collected from Jiangsu Province People's Hospital (from February 2016 to November 2019). The clinical data, imaging examination, morphology, immunostaining, and molecular changes were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 1 male and 2 females (age 32, 50, 60 years), who had symptoms of cough, asthma or chest tightness. Imaging findings indicated low density filling defects which were suspected as thrombus, embolism or myxoma. Grossly, the main tumor was located in the elastic arteries and their lobar branches, also extended into the atrium and ventricle, with lung parenchymal infiltration focally. Microscopically, tumor cells were predominantly composed of abundant spindle cells with obvious atypia and myxoid background, resembling fibroblastic or myofibroblastic differentiation. Active mitotic figures and necrosis could be seen in some areas. Immunohistochemical staining of vimentin was strongly positive, while pan-cytokeratin, S-100, desmin, Fli-1, CD31, SMA and ERG etc were variably positive only in focal areas. FISH detection showed amplification of MDM2 gene in three cases and EGFR gene in two cases. Metastatic lesions were found in one case by 18, 32 and 42 months after surgery respectively. There was no recurrence or metastasis in the other two cases. Conclusions PAIS is one of exceptionally poor differentiated mesenchymal tumor that arises from the arterial intima of elastic pulmonary arteries. There was no definite differention in morphology. Gene detection shows amplification of MDM2 and EGFR gene. CPI-455 purchase This tumor often has poor prognosis with aggressive behavior. Complete resection is the only effective therapeutic option. There is disagreement as to whether chemotherapy and radiotherapy can improve survival.CPI-455 purchase